Wednesday, July 31, 2019

English Composition Phase 4 Essay

The essay is â€Å"formatted on a paper which is 8. 5 x 11 inches in size† (Driscoll, 2007). The margin on top, bottom, left, and right is set to one inch (Driscoll, 2007). It should have a title page which consists of the following: â€Å"a running head for publication, title, byline, as well as, affiliation† (Driscoll, 2007). The page numbers are â€Å"written in the upper right-hand corner of each page† (Driscoll, 2007). Abstracts, headings, and visuals should be made available as well (Driscoll, 2007). Components of an APA Paper  The following are the components of an APA paper: â€Å"1) name of author; 2) date of publication; 3) title; and 4) publication information† (Minnesota School of Business, 2006). With regards to that name of the author, the last name is written first followed by a comma and the initials of the first and middle name (if middle name is provided), but if the work has no author indicated in it, place the title instead and then the date, and if authors indicated are more than three, state the first author’s name and followed by this: â€Å"et. l. † (Minnesota School of Business, 2006). Moreover, with regards to the date of publication, specify the year; however, if there is no date indicated, just place â€Å"n. d. † (Minnesota School of Business, 2006). Furthermore, with regards to the title, just write it as is whether it is a book, journal, or a magazine (Minnesota School of Business, 2006). Finally, with regards to the â€Å"publication information†: if the reference is a book, then the place of publication, as well as, the publisher should be included; if it is a periodical then include the place of publication, the publisher, the volume number, the issue number, as well as, the pages; and if it is a website then indicate the website address (Minnesota School of Business, 2006).

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Presentation: Barack Obama “Dreams from My Father”

Barack Obama – â€Å"Dreams From My Father-A Story of Race and Heritance† Today I want to introduce you United States President Barack Obama’s first memoir, dreams from my father. It was first published in July 1995 as he was preparing to launch his political career and republished in August 2004. Author: Since my book is an autobiography I won’t tell you everything about the author, I just will give some personal facts about him. Barack Obama was born in 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii to Barack Obama Senior and Ann Dunham. In 1991, Obama graduated from Harvard Law School.While in law school he worked as a co-worker at the law firms of Sidley & Austin where he met his wife, Michelle, whom he married in 1992. Barack and Michelle Obama have two daughters: Malia Ann and Natasha, known as Sasha. On November 4 2008, Obama won the presidency of the United States. The inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President took place on January 20, 2009. On October 8 of las t year, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. Characters: Paternal Family The Obamas are members of the Luo, Kenya's third-largest ethnic group. Hussein Onyango Obama Barack Obama's paternal grandfather †¢Habiba Akumu Obama Barack Obama's paternal grandmother and the second wife of Hussein Onyango Obama †¢Barack Hussein Obama Senior He is the father of Barack Obama. Visited his son only for one single time. In his memoir, Barack calls him the Old Man. †¢ Kezia †¢Jane Her sister, Jane, is the ‘Auntie Jane' mentioned at the very start of Dreams from My Father when she telephoned President Obama to inform him that his father had been killed in a car accident. †¢Ruth NdesandjoBorn Ruth Nidesand, in US, Barack Obama Sr. ‘s third wife Maternal Family †¢Ann Dunham Mother of Barack Obama. His mother is open minded, idealistic, naive in one sense, world-wise in another. †¢Stanley Dunham is the grandfather of Barack Obama. Stanley and his wife Madelyn raised Obama in Honolulu, Hawaii. His grandparents love him unconditionally. He learns his grandfather's strengths and weaknesses, but never really comes to see him as the father figure he's seeking. †¢Madelyn Lee Payne Dunham Barack Obama's maternal grandmother. †¢Lolo SoetoroStepfather of Barack Obama, born in Indonesia, Obama speaks fondly of his step-father, and learns several life lessons from him, but unfortunately his mother's relationship with his step-father doesn't last. Plot: 1. Origins 2. Chicago 3. Kenya Epilogue Barack Obama, the current narrates a heart-rending story about his personal implications; tribulations in the American society, and his father’s roots. Ad 1. The story opens up in New York, where he hears that his father—a figure he knows more as a myth than as a man—has died in a car accident.Two years later after Baby Obama was born, his father won a scholarship to continue with studies at Harvard University . And so, Obama Senior left Hawaii, went to Harvard, separated from his small family and, was divorced by Ann. He completed his studies and returned to Kenya to take up a senior job at the department of national planning. Baby Obama never saw him until much later. As a young boy, his mother marries a man from Indonesia and they go to live there. His mother sends him back to Hawaii to live with his grandparents so he can attend a prestigious Hawaiian school, as one of only three black students there.Obama has one encounter with his father when he's ten in Hawaii. Obama is a little adored, a little overwhelmed by his father’s visit. Nevertheless his father doesn’t stay very long and leaves Obama with more questions than answers. Ad 2. Propelled by a desire to understand both the forces that shaped him and his father’s legacy, the book then moves on to moves to Chicago where he works as a community organizer. It's challenging work that is rarely rewarding, but Obam a gives it his all. Then a relative from Kenya, his aunt Jane, calls to tell him his father has died, but Obama's not quite sure how to feel about that or how to react.Several weeks later, his Kenyan half-sister, Auma, makes contact with him. Auma gives him a sneak peek into his father's life in Kenya. Obama is fascinated by the life Auma leads and wants to learn more about their father. Before he leaves community organizing to go to Harvard Law School, he makes arrangements to visit Auma in Kenya and TO TRACE THE ROOTS OF HIS FATHER. Ad 3. In Kenya, Obama discovers a family he didn't even know. His father had at least four wives, and Obama has a slew of brothers and sisters who are living in their father's shadow.Obama and Auma visit with one their grandfather's wives, â€Å"Granny. † She tells Obama's father story to him. The story: Because Onyango wanted his son to be provided as best as possible as for opening up a good future, his father received a scholarship in economi cs through a special program which offered Western educational opportunities to outstanding Kenyan students. Following Obama Sr. enrolled at the University of Hawaii where Obama Sr. married Ann Dunham, though she would not find out that her new husband was already married to a pregnant wife until much later.Ann quit her studies to care for the baby, while Obama Sr. completed his degree, leaving shortly thereafter to study at Harvard University. While studying at Harvard, Obama Sr. met an American-born teacher named Ruth who he married after divorcing from Barack’s mother. After a while Obama Sr. published a paper entitled â€Å"Problems Facing Our Socialism† harshly criticizing the concept for national planning. This conflict with President Kenyatta destroyed his career. Following he was fired from his job, was blacklisted in Kenya, and began to drink.He had a serious car accident, spent almost a year in the hospital, and by the time he visited his son in Hawaii, when Barack was ten years old. Obama Sr. ‘s life fell into drinking and poverty, from which he never recovered. Obama Sr. later lost both legs in another automobile collision, and subsequently lost his job. He died at the age of 46, in a third car crash in Nairobi. From then on, Obama realized that the man he thought to be a failure was in fact a hero in his village. His father was the first person to have gone to the US University from his village.Then, Obama forgave his father and decided to change his life basing on his father’s dreams. Themes: †¢Racism Throughout the whole book the main character is faced with Racism. From early childhood he had to struggle with students that teased him when he was playing with one of the three black kids. Even in Kenya, when he and some of his family members are at a restaurant, the waitress who is black, ignores their orders and doesn’t serve them after she has seen European tourists who are white. †¢Search for communi ty As a young adult, Obama set off in search of community and purpose, with the reat role models of the civil rights movement. The glory days of the civil rights movement were long gone when Obama gets an organizing job in a poor neighborhood on Chicago's South Side plagued by crumbling public housing, disappearing manufacturing jobs, and rising crime. The group's founder is a Jewish man who is not fully trusted by the community. At the same time Obama makes personal connections. He becomes close with the three middle-aged African-American women who are core to the organization, and develops a friendship with an eccentric, pot-smoking Catholic organizer.He looks out for Kyle, the teenage son of a volunteer who is in danger of getting into trouble. One of the most moving bits in the book where Obama tells the group he is headed off to Harvard Law School, and promises his friends in the neighborhood that he'll be back. †¢Search for family and identity Feeling out of place in high school, Obama gravitates toward the black kids and works to embrace an African-American culture that matches others' expectations of his appearance, but is different from his upbringing and background. A trip to Kenya before law school is an opportunity for discovery.Obama grew up with an idealized vision of his father, which both intimidated and inspired him. As he gets to know his African family, he finds out that his father's life was more complex and less perfect than the idealized image. In Kenya, Barack Junior finds a family that is loving, close, and welcoming but surrounded by problems — feuds, alcoholism, and poverty. The stories that Obama hears on his trip make things more complicated, not simpler. The stories provide context for the personality flaws, passions, that which are more meaningful, more admirable, and more forgivable, than a shallow but false idealized image. The Limits of â€Å"Organizing† After a series of infamous defeats, the persistence, sk ill and empathy of Obama's group begins to pay off. They organize cleanup for the housing project, job training for the neighborhood, mentoring for school kids. But in the end, during a public forum where the neighborhood people demand basic maintenance for public housing projects, the bureaucrats explain that the Housing Authority budget allows a asbestos removal, or basic repairs, but not both. So as you can see, one small person can’t change everything without reaching some limits.

Monday, July 29, 2019

What are the key issues facing Public Service Broadcasting in the UK Essay

What are the key issues facing Public Service Broadcasting in the UK - Essay Example â€Å"Neither commercial nor state controlled, public broadcasting’s only raison d’à ªtre is public service. It is the public broadcasting organisation...[that] develop knowledge, broaden horizons and enable people to better understand themselves by better understanding the world and others† (World Radio and Television Council, 2002). At present in this highly technological and globalised world, the system of public service broadcasting is facing â€Å"declining budgets, audience fragmentation, and debate over their proper role† (Collins, et al., 2001). In the present context, on examination we will find that the PBS in UK is facing serious challenges from the issue of substantial downgrading of support from the public funds, and the entry of competitors along with new advanced technology into the world of media and communication. We will examine these very issues and explore various subjects to find out logical and workable solutions to these imminent problems, which threat the very existence of modern day UK PBS. In UK by the regulations of the Ofcom it is mandatory for BBC to have public service addresses, for all its television and radio stations, including the ones that have digital transmission. Besides these, other stations that transmit through the terrestrial analogue television like ITV and Channel 4 whose programs are transmitted to all of UK, that includes Scotland, Northern Ireland, England; FIVE and also SC4 in Wales, are bound to transmit programs that fall under the category of public service broadcasting, since these free to air channels are available to all citizens in UK. Under the Community Radio Order 2004, it is also mandatory for the 200 community Radio services to play the role of public service providers; the only exemption in this case are the commercial radios, which are allowed to transmit nominal or

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Financial Laws and Regulation in Health Industry Assignment

Financial Laws and Regulation in Health Industry - Assignment Example The rights are as named below: the right to amend the PHI, the right to inspect and copy the PHI, the right to request restrictions on particular uses and disclosures PHI, and the right to receive an accounting of the disclosures of their PHI. The consequences of non compliance are that the penalties of both the organization and the individual responsible for the breach are substantial. The civil penalties are determined on a tier structure based on the level of severity and intent of the violations. Require the covered entities to adopt the administrative safeguards to protect the confidentiality and privacy of PHI Among the needed administrative safeguards are the establishment of a compliant system, designation of a privacy officer, implementation of a compliance training programs for all applicable staff, and the implementation of appropriate sanctions for violations of the privacy requirements (Latham & Watkins, 2001). This is to ensure that the covered entities must comply with the security standards with respect to e-PHI. The compliance requires that the covered entity must ensure integrity, confidentiality, and availability of all e-PHI covered entities creates, receives, maintains, protect against any reasonably anticipated threats to the security or integrity of such information. Question 3 According to Pratt (2000: 383) argue that Stark law, also known as ‘the physician referral law’ prohibits a physician from making referrals for particular designated health services (DHS) payable by the Medicare to an entity with which he or she has a financial relationship (investment, ownership, or compensation), unless an exception... The civil penalties are determined on a tier structure based on the level of severity and intent of the violations.Require the covered entities to adopt the administrative safeguards to protect the confidentiality and privacy of PHIAmong the needed administrative safeguards are the establishment of a compliant system, designation of a privacy officer, implementation of a compliance training programs for all applicable staff, and the implementation of appropriate sanctions for violations of the privacy requirements (Latham & Watkins, 2001). This is to ensure that the covered entities must comply with the security standards with respect to e-PHI. The compliance requires that the covered entity must ensure integrity, confidentiality, and availability of all e-PHI covered entities creates, receives, maintains, protect against any reasonably anticipated threats to the security or integrity of such information. Question 3According to Pratt (2000: 383) argue that Stark law, also known as â €˜the physician referral law’ prohibits a physician from making referrals for particular designated health services (DHS) payable by the Medicare to an entity with which he or she has a financial relationship (investment, ownership, or compensation), unless an exception applies. They include:1.  Clinical laboratory services 2.  Physical-therapy services3.  Occupational-therapy services4.  Radiology and other diagnostic services (excluding screening mammography).5.  Radiation-therapy services and supplies

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Integrated Marketing Communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Integrated Marketing Communication - Assignment Example f the products which need to be addressed through effective advertising and marketing methods or channels that may influence customers’ purchase behavior. The integrated marketing communication that employs flexible tools becomes vital ingredient of market strategies for marketers. The alternatives methods of marketing evolve as powerful facilitators for reaching target customers and positively impacting their views about the products and services. Integrated marketing programs exploit changing consumer behavior by identifying and evaluating their changing preferences across diverse populace. In global marketing, the adaptation approach analyses local demand and uses appropriate marketing tools and methods to influence customers’ purchase behavior. Globally integrated marketing communication coordinates and integrates broad range of tools, avenues and sources into ‘seamless program to maximize impact on customers and stakeholders’ (Clow & Baack, 2011). Accountability and responsibility of the local marketing managers becomes highly crucial factor in international businesses who need to evaluate and identify local demands and marketing tools, including channels that impact customers. The success of the integrated marketing program across the globe is gauged through feedback and other ways like online surveys, revenues etc. when applied for different countries where the cars are sold. (words:

Friday, July 26, 2019

Product, Price, Distribution and Promotion Essay

Product, Price, Distribution and Promotion - Essay Example The choice of market assumes significance considering the high economic growth of the nation as well as the demand for quality healthcare in the nation. Intensity Level India emerges as one of the most favorable destinations for setting up a healthcare unit for cardiac ailments because of the huge market size. A research reports currently values the Indian healthcare industry at about 34 billion US dollars. This value is expected to reach up to the tune of 40 million dollars by the end of 2012. In addition to this the burgeoning population of the nation also adds to the profitability of the Indian market. In addition the lack of facilities with the government hospitals acts as a lucrative opportunity for the private sector considering the fact that approximately 80 percent of the healthcare spending is being done by the private sector in the nation (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2007, p.1-2). Marketing Mix Product The proposed cardiac super specialty center would have all the aspects that would provide world class treatment facilities. The hospital would have a narrow breadth with regards to the product offering and would only focus towards cardiac and heart ailments (Berkowitz, 2006, p.218, 219). Apart from separate wings like emergency, and outdoor, the hospital would also have dedicated Intensive Cardiac Care Units, High Dependency Units that would be equipped with latest machinery and equipments. In addition to equipments the hospital would also have quality paramedical staff including qualified nurses and attendants to regularly cater to the patients. Highly expert doctors would be kept as specialists for different ailments related to cardiac problems. In addition to this the hospital would also have tie ups with leading hospitals abroad and would have video conferencing facilities that would help the doctors to consult expert doctors from across the globe. The hospital would also have outdoor facilities for the patients. The hospital would have a 24 hour dedica ted emergency facility for catering to any emergency. Specialized trauma care centers would also be established to cater to patients suffering from severe trauma. Price The new healthcare unit would follow a premium pricing strategy that would be based on the level of specialized healthcare facilities being provided to the organization. A skim based pricing strategy would be adopted as the hospital would be targeting only premium segment patients who are more concerned about the quality of treatment and do not bother about the costs. This would help the hospital to earn better margins to maintain its sustainability and profitability. Maintaining a premium pricing strategy would help in generating greater financial viability and sustainability for the organization to grow and prosper in the future. The hospital would also have tie ups with leading insurance providers and would also provide cashless treatment to the patients based on the quantum of insurance coverage. High level of tr ansparency would be maintained in the billing section with prior consent from patients before initiating any treatment. As a part of corporate social responsibility the company would also provide free treatment to the needy patients. Three percent of the total bed strength would be reserved for charitable purposes. Place/Distribution The new hospital would be located in any of the top four metros of

Industrialization After the Civil War Thesis and Outline Research Paper

Industrialization After the Civil War Thesis and Outline - Research Paper Example 201). There was also an impact in machine tools. On the other hand, due to the machine tools impact many people lost their jobs, because of the growing number of qualified engineers needed and the growing number of immigrants who were unqualified workers (U.S. Bureau of the Census, pp. 19-20). What is more, even though oil was already known to public, the first modern oil well was set up in 1859 by Edwin Drake (Vassiliou, p. 13). Invention of the steam engine made transitions by water easier and cheaper. There were many other great changes in industry and technology during mentioned period. However, many laborers in that time were displaced by machines and level of unemployment grown highly (Wells, p. 189). What is more, working on factory was dirty, dangerous and exhausting. Many employees moved to cities and came to work on factories, thus urbanization level grown. Although, labor productivity grown owing to increasing number of system was built in 1890. Although Thomas Edison did not create the first electrical light bulb, it is his patent, which lead to lighting people’s houses in 1883 (Thomas Edison: Life of an Electrifying Man, p.15). Started in 1870s African American lost some of their rights and been harassed. It has led to a politics of racial segregation. Woman were granted full righting votes in some states by the end of 19th century. Entrepreneurs started to use child labor because they are small and could get to smaller holes than adults could. Extended families became more common than nuclear ones. To make a balance, I would like to say that Industrialization occurred after the Civil War had a great influence on American industry, technology and society. It had its pros and contras, however I consider that pros outweigh

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Bunn-O-Matic Coffee Maker Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bunn-O-Matic Coffee Maker - Research Paper Example Upon discussing the importance of marketing concept over the profitability of Bunn-O-Matic, this essay will focus on identifying the company’s target market for Bunn-O-Matic Coffee Maker by conducting market segmentation. Eventually, the rationale behind the target marketing strategy used by Bunn-O-Matic will be thoroughly explained. Increasing the company’s sales and profitability is the main goal of Bunn-O-Matic. Given that each individual have their own specific needs and wants, the study of marketing should be focused on allowing the company to address these concerns. Some products could satisfy the specific need of consumers. Included in the study of marketing mix or the 4 P’s known as price, product, promotion (marketing communication), and place (distribution); the product preferences of Bunn-O-Matic’s target consumer can be guided by marketing variables such as the product value, cost, customer(s) satisfaction, and market distribution (Kotler & Armstrong, 1997, p. 52; McCarthy & Perreault, 1993, p. 46). The study of marketing is a very broad subject that aims to improve the company’s financial performance not only through selling and advertisements but also in finding ways to develop and establish a good relationship with the target customers. Therefore, it is wrong to believe that the study of marketing is focused only on selling and advertising. It is easier for Bunn-O-Matic to identify its target market by dividing the consumers into subgroups (Roger, 2005, p. 15). For Bunn-O-Matic coffee makers, dividing the consumers into subgroups is possible by developing specific market segment of consumer characteristics related to demographic, psychographic, and geographic factors (Kotler, 2000, p. 8, 263). Demographic segmentation examines a wide-range of variables including age, size of family, family life cycle, gender, income, occupation, educational attainment, religion, race, generation, nationality, and social class of

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

FLSA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

FLSA - Essay Example According to this act overtime is defined as "time actually spent in worked after a prescribed threshold.† This Act give exemptions to some of the employees from its provision of minimum wage and overtime pay as well as it also exempts some particular employees only from its provision of the overtime. As these exemptions are defined narrowly, Suzy should have to contact the Wage and Hour Division office in the local area in order to check whether or not the terms and conditions would support her complaint. There are only some issues drawn in here, which can be considered under the guidelines of Department of Labor. From en entirely legal point of view, the former employer currently offering the benefits must bargain with the participants of the insurance plan, or a fair percentage must be considered. Since completely abandoning the policy may result in financial distress to a lot of employees as mentioned by the HR, an alternative plan must be sought that the company may pursue keeping in view the financial condition of the company as well as that of its employees. In order to have a better decision, employees may be involved and suggestions may be welcomed from the employees and the overall financial condition of the company may be conveyed to them, so that a better understanding may result of the

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Barrier Reef, Belize Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Barrier Reef, Belize - Essay Example (Greenspan 2007) This essay will try to understand the crisis the ecosystem in the barrier reef is facing and shall discuss the efforts already made to further preservation. Biological interrelationships in the area shall be discussed and also the adverse affect caused if no measures are taken against human intrusion. The barrier reef in Belize is 230 kilometers long and is the longest in the Caribbean. The variety of habitats along the reef supports a large diversity of fauna. â€Å"The wide Belize shelf contains an impressive assemblage of habitats: inshore, mid shelf, shelf-edge, and offshore coral reefs, Lagoons Sea grass meadows and mangrove swamps† (UNEP, n.d., p. 4). There is an abundance of micro and macro invertebrate life. The varieties of habitats are used by various species. Many reef and pelagic fish and even several sharks use the mangroves and sea grass beds as nurseries. Tarpon, mullet and stone bass use the inshore waters. The sea grass meadows are also inhabited by the manatees which are an endangered species. The lagoons of the South Water Cay are home to Snook, and Bonefish. The deep slopes are inhabited by Snappers, Hogfish, Groupers, Porgy and Grunt. The variety of pelagic fish found here includes Nurse Shark, Caribbean reef shark, Hammerheads, Bull sharks, Whale shar ks. Spiny lobsters and queen conch can also be found in abundance. It is also home to bottle nosed dolphins and three more varieties of dolphins. The world’s largest concentration of the West Indian manatee is found here. Also seen are the Leatherback turtle and the American crocodile. Apart from all this 90 percent of all Scleratinian coral in the Caribbean can be found here. Staghorn coral, Finger coral, Starlet coral, brain corals are some of the variety seen here. Mollusks, Crustaceans, Sponges Hydroids, Ascidians and Copepods have also been recorded here. Thousands of birds visit the lagoon every

Monday, July 22, 2019

Summarise Risks of Assessment Essay Example for Free

Summarise Risks of Assessment Essay There are many different risks that you need to take into account when you are planning assessments. When dealing with anything that involves two separate parties there are many issues that could arise which could affect the intended outcome. When training students there are risks that surround the level of commitment that the student has to the course they are doing. If they are not enthusiastic about what they are learning, due to them potentially being forced into the learning environment could affect their level of work. This could then affect the whole assessment process. If the learner has no interest in the subject that they are learning then they may not keep their work up to date or attend their study days. To minimise the risk of that happening a clear and detailed explanation of the course and the expectations of the learner throughout the course period should be given to the learner when they sign up. Students that are not committed to learning are also a risk that could affect the whole assessment procedure. If a student does not want to commit to the learning process the chances of getting work in on time and study days attended is minimal. This will then affect the whole assessment process and risk the learner not having the correct units in on time and falling behind with their work. There are some literal risks that you could come across when going through the assessment process. The learners could have a negative view on learning and education due to previous experiences. They may have had experiences in the past that have influenced their views which could make the learning experience very hard for them, if they are negative towards learning this could make it hard for the other learners in the group. It could make study days hard if there is a negative attitude within the group setting, which could have an effect on the learning experience of others. The learners could have many different issues that could affect their assessment process, they could have personal issues that could create difficulties throughout the assessment process, and they could become ill and struggle to attend heir placements/settings. The learners could have an additional learning which could affect the work they produce or their understanding of the work that is being taught, this could then frustrate the learner with could result in the learner feeling they no longer want to continue with the course. As a tutor/assessor you have to have a good knowledge of all the learners within your groups so you can ensure that you are providing them with the support they need to complete the course effectively and on time. To enable you to do this you need to take the time to gain a knowledge and understanding of what level the learner is working at with regards to their functional/key skills, if they have any previous experience of the course subject that they are doing and what they want to achieve by doing the course. Ensure you read all the information gained by the training account manager is vital to the assessment process. When going through the assessment process you need to ensure that the learners have a relationship with you as a tutor, so they can feel comfortable speaking to you. They need to know that they can contact you for support and advice. By ensuring this you are improving the chances of the learners informing you if they are struggling with any work or if they have issues that may affect them completing their work or attending study days. Each learner has a tracker which help the tutor/assessor to keep track of the student’s progress, to ensure that the risks of complications and problems with the assessment process tutors need to be ensuring that they implement action plans for the learners as soon as they become behind on any of their work. This with allow the learner to have a clear picture of what is missing and expected of them to catch up with their work. It also enables the learner to see that you are aware of the work that is needed and how they are going to complete it to enable them to catch up. Planning throughout the assessment process is vital to ensuring that the learners achieve the goals that are set for them and to ensure that they know exactly what is expected of them in order to gain their qualification. Tutors/assessors need to ensure that they keep up to date with their plans and if anything on their original plan needs to be adjusted it is immediately, to reduce the risk of leaners becoming behind and struggling with any of their work. Ensuring that work that is handed in is marked and feedback is given as soon as possible is very important throughout the assessment process so the learners know how they are doing. They can see their progress which could potentially increase their confidence and self-esteem which could encourage them to work harder throughout their course.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

The History Of Limnology

The History Of Limnology Limnology is an interdisciplinary field of study that has been around since the 16th century, however, as a distinct field of science, has existed less than 60 years. The word Limnology in Greek means lake knowledge and is defined as the study of inland waters with reference to the biological, chemical, physical, geological, and other attributes to inland waters (running and standing waters, both fresh or saline, natural or man-made) (Wikipedia definition, 2010), hence the multidisciplinary status. Limnology is essentially a synthetic science composed of elements some of which extend beyond the limits of biology as ordinarily conceived. Beginnings of knowledge concerning fresh water life, like those of marine life, arose in the remote past, possibly before the days of Aristole (384-322 B.C). These early beginnings, often strange mixtures of fact and fancy, have no scientific value (Welch, 1952). As time went on and mans knowledge of his surroundings slowly increased, certain unusual fresh water phenomena were observed and recorded in simple fashion, often with increasing accuracy. However, aside from the historical interest involved, no significant contributions of a strictly limnological nature were made for at least nineteen hundred years after the time of Aristole, although, certain facts about the habitats of fishes, emergencies of aquatic insects, aquatic plants, and so on, easily observable happenings had been described. The study around limnology has attracted many scientists, usually ecologists simply for reasons of aesthetic appeal of being by a lake. Since the early studies of lakes and other water bodies, one of the main points of study was biological aspect of what was found in the lakes and finding relationships between animals and their environment with regard to the population and community level of organization and their experimental testing. In addition to being intellectually stimulating, limnology is of great practical importance in that the limited supply of fresh water must be shared by an ever growing human population, thus becoming subject to pollution, misuse, and depletion. While Peter Erasmus Muller is sometimes credited with laying the foundation of limnological research with his plankton discoveries in fresh water, and while it appears that Anton Fritsch began lacustrine investigations in the Bohemian Forest as early as 1871, it remained for F. A. Forel (1841-1912), a professor at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, to recognise the real biological opportunity in lake investigations and, by his work, to become the founder of modern limnology. Limnology first came to be in 1901 through the publication of the first ever text on the subject which led to world-wide recognition. Before this time since 1650, the progression and development of limnology was rather slow and steady, however the work that was done was influential and set a platform for other scientists to build on methodology and application. Such an influential figure emerged as one, Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723), a Dutch tradesman and scientist from Delft, Netherlands. He is commonly known as the father of microbiology, and considered to be the first microbiologist (Wikipedia 2010). He created his own microscopes and was the first person to observe single celled organisms. In 1674 he first described filamentous green alga (Spirogyra) from a Dutch lake and an early recognition of seasonal differences in algal populations as well as descriptions of rotifers. Limnology slowly progressed further and in 1787, Clark was the first to determine depths of some English lakes which for its time was a huge stepping stone for lake science. In 1865, development of the Secchi disk used for measuring water transparency in oceans and lakes was created by Professor Pietro Angelo Secchi, priest/scientist on the SS Immacolata Concezione, a steam corvet of -the papal navy travelling in the Adriatic Sea (Kalff 2002). A major trend in the studies around this time was found to be more of an ecological nature (studies revolved around ecology), as expressed in the 1867 distribution and ecology of crustacean zooplankton in Danish lakes by E. Muller, however, these studies had not been recognised by the wider community and limnology was still left in the shadows. It was the efforts of Francois Alphonse Forel (1841-1912) and his early studies on Lac Leman (Lake of Geneva) which would get world wide recognition and response and saw this form of science accelerate and change throughout the years, surviving two world wars, depressions, revolutions, and many other social, political, and economical occurrences that shaped and defined a period in history. In 1869 appeared his Instruction à ¡ là ©tude de la fauna profonde du Lac Là ©man; in 1892-1879, Matà ©riaux pour server à ¡ là ¨tude de la fauna profonde du Là ¨man; in 1892-1904 he published his monumental and epoch-making work Le Là ¨man. Monographie limnologique, in three volumes, which was not only the first comprehensive limnological treatise but which also opened up a whole new field of biological research. In 1885 appeared his La fauna profonde des lacs Suisses for which he was awarded a prize. Then in 1901, he published the Handbuch der Seenkunde. Allgemeine Limnologie, a book whic h is the first general presentation of limnology from the modern standpoint. It could even be said to be the first textbook foe the study of limnology. The integrative nature of limnology was stressed even before Forel coined the term limnology. In a prescient article published in 1887, Stephen Forbes described lakes as microcosms, or little worlds (CGER 1996). Although the term ecosystem was not introduced for another half century (Tansley, 1935), Forbes defined an approach that presaged this concept. He proposed that lake studies should focus on many of the processes that today define the field of ecosystem ecology: mineral cycling, production and decomposition of organic matter, food web interactions and their impacts on the structure of biological communities, and the effects of physical conditions on biological communities. Forbes viewed these topics as essential to understanding lakes as functioning, integrated systems. Shortly after the publication of the first limnology text in 1901, came another study in 1904 (following pioneering work in 1897) delivered another aspect to this form of science, hydrology. Hydrology had been practised before, but was not of central focus and studies conducted were basic principles of stream inflows (B. Varenius 1650), water balance in determining lake size, salinity, and sediment retention (J. P. Jackson, GB), and the like. Description of internal waves or thermocline seiches in Loch Ness was carried out by E. E. Watson following work by Lord Kelvin (GB). Then in 1908 the establishment of the first limnological journal, Internationale revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, encompassing limnology and hydrology was created. Also a systematic attempt to use a component of the biota (diatoms) as indicators of (stream) water quality was done by R. Kolkwitz and M. Marsson (DE). The period in history believed to be the catalyst for such a strong revival and explosive development was due to the hiatus produced by World War 1, and saw a new generation of limnologists eager to recover lost momentum. Limnology developed rapidly between the two World Wars , mostly in Europe, north America and Japan, because of its emphasis on fundamental research, the more applied components of limnology (fisheries, waste-water biology hydrology) went their own way. One of the key reasons for the acceleration of limnology can be put simply to the sheer number of practitioners, meaning there was a lot of relevant work going on around the world, such that, by the end of this period at least some of the limnologists had figured out, what by todays standards is considered fundamental limnology. Most of the work done around this time was on estimations of the input and output of materials in lakes, measured primary production, and recognized that changes in the nutrient supply brought about changes in the biota and affected the geo chemistry of iron (Kalff, 2002). Limnology continued to develop as a field of study and expand its geographic base during the first half of the twentieth century. Limnologists of the 1920s and 1930s founded many field stations, used them to collect a wealth of information on individual lakes, and synthesized this information at the regional scale. As practiced during these decades, limnology was essentially an observational science: knowledge gained was largely from sample collection and analysis of the resulting data rather than from controlled experiments (CGER 1996). August Thienemann (1882-1960) and Einar C. L. Naumann (1891-1934) were two prominent young scientists, ecologists of better description, from Europe. Naumann divided lakes on the basis of their implied nutrient content, and in the process acknowledged them to be open systems linked to their catchments or drainage basins through the supply of nutrients from the land. He came up with the use of glass slides to study the attaching organisms in nature in 1915 which was a huge success. Thienemann was considered a very good scientist (ecologist) and was the major player in the development of research not only on individual insects (autecology) but also on functional groupings (producers, consumers, and reducers) which, as early as 1914, laid the foundations for later research on energy flow in aquatic systems (Vollenwieder and Kerekes 1980) and anticipated the ecosystem concept (Rhode 1979). Between 1910 and 1914, he was involved with studies on the volcanic Eifel Maar lakes in Germany, which provided the basis for his organization of lakes in terms of bottom-dwelling invertebrate communities and their relationships to chemical conditions, in particular the oxygen content, of bottom waters of lakes. A. Thienemann and E Naumann were among the most highly regarded limnologists who led a 30 year effort, largely between the two World Wars, to classify lakes, they also aided the development of limnology through the establishment of the International Association for Theoretical and Applied Limnology in 1922, an organisation with strong educational programs and communication networks linking professional limnologists. Limnologists in the United States were organized as the Committee on Aquaculture in 1925 and as the Limnological Society of America in 1936. It joined with oceanographers to become the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography in 1948; its journal, Limnology and Oceanography, one of the premier research periodicals on lake limnology in the world, was launched in 1955. Birge and Juday are usually included among the founders of limnology (Wetzle 1996). Their contribution to the study of progressive limnology began the foundation of knowledge among the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of lakes. Fig 1. Edward Birge and Chancey Juday with plankton trap on Lake Mendota in Madison, Wisconsin, circa 1917. SOURCE: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Visual and Sound Archives. Edward A. Birge (1851-1950) and Chancey Juday (1871-1944) were two scientists studying out of the University of Wisconsin studied many different types of lakes that differed in morphometry and size and in geologically varying basins and were generally sceptical about the possibility of constructing new data points from the relatively few non-humic lakes and some of those lakes were accessible to Thienemann and colleagues in northern Germany. By investigating many of these lakes, they were able to distinguish between what they called autotrophic lakes and allotrophic lakes, among others (Kalff 2002). They also recognised differences between lakes without stream inflows or surface outflows (seepage lakes), which receive most of their water and nutrients directly from the atmosphere or from groundwater, and lakes with a larger catchment area able to nourish in and outflowing streams (drainage lakes) that in-turn provide much of the water and nutrients originating from land. Birge and Ju day were considered ahead of their time by the fact that they were able to recognize the existence of both internally autochthonous and externally allochthonous derived carbon sources underpinning lake food chains. Characterization of lake types along environmental gradients was hugely rewarding for Birge and Juday, however, the descriptive phase ended mainly because of the rise to superiority after World War 2 of G. E. Hutchinson (US). G. Evelyn Hutchinson (1903-1991) dominated limnology stimulating a great deal of research between 1945 and 1980 about, among other topic, understanding the behaviour of whole ecosystems through assembling work on biological components (species) and their interactions with each other and their environment , the backbone of the field of ecology. He was a pioneer in the development of innovative experimental techniques (CGER 1996), using radioisotopes of phosphorus in lakes as early as the 1940s and bioassays of nutrient effects on phytoplankton population dynamics as early as 1941. The post war period heralded an unprecedented rapid growth of limnology starting in the mid to late 1950s. Its growth was fuelled in the western world by increased funding, the opening of new universities and research centers, and the development of much better analytical (electronic) and sampling equipment that was the result of technical advances made during the war. In the period from 1960 1980, there were major changes in the way limnological research was carried out (Kalff 2002). Until this time, all projects done had been related and research almost exclusively by single scientists alone, sometimes assisted by one or more graduate students or a technician. During the decades of 1960 and 1980 and aided by funding from the International Biological Programme multidisciplinary teams were established in economically strong countries. This now meant that limnologists could answer bigger questions, were able to locate, observe and record data of not only entire lake systems, but of virtually any body of water from the biology to the morphometry. The 1960s and 1970s saw the beginning of research funding shifts away from fundamental or basic research, where direction and questions are chosen by the scientist. These days research is conducted through government, therefore focussing on important issues or perhaps problems which took a large portion of the funding away from the basic research previously conducted. During the past few decades, limnological research has led to impressive conceptual and practical advances on all types of inland aquatic ecosystems (CGER 1996). Within the past 15 years, three new North American societies have formed, each resulting from the expanding activities in a particular aspect of limnology and its related aquatic sciences: -The North American Benthological Society (NABS) 1974. -The North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) 1980. -The Society of Wetland Scientists (SWS) 1980. These days North America and Europe, particularly north America is where limnology has become more frequent, such that, courses for limnology are provided at many research institutes across these countries, and graduate training in limnology is offered at many of these institutions, even though only a few universities have distinct degrees or programs called limnology. Limnology has grown and evolved over the years into a multidisciplinary mode of science practiced throughout the world and attractive to young scientists and amateur scientists alike. The limnological timeline has seen certain periods in history shape and influence different science techniques and created a myriad of methodologies, ideas, and approaches to applying knowledge to the field of limnology. Many people played a part in the success and rapid development of this brand of science that has helped people understand our surroundings with how they work and why, and also acknowledge what can be found in these water-based environments and how they are important in certain dynamics through the roles they play. Limnology continues to develop from strength to strength and initiate a level of interest throughout the world that will ensure its popularity. An example of this is the international limnology society, Societas Internationalis Limnologiae (SIL), known in English as the Intern ational Association for Theoretical and Applied Limnology, that was founded in Germany under the kindly endorsement and guidence of Thienemann and Naumann. Limnologists in the United States were organized as the Committee on Aquaculture in 1925 and as the Limnological Society of America in 1936. From a starting base of 221 members in 1936, the American society grew to include 4,000 scientists today. The rapid development of applied limnology, starting in the 1960s and 1970s, continues to contribute much to fundamental limnology, but has naturally stimulated much healthy argument about the true goals of science. References: Books Limnology : inland water ecosystems / Jacob Klaff. 2002. Limnology. Paul S. Welch, Professor of Zoology , University of Michigan. Second Edition, 1952. Fresh water Ecosystems: Revitalising Educational Programs in Limnology (1996). Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources (CGER). Training of Aquatic Ecosystem Scientists. Robert G. Wetzel, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama. Ecosystems and human well-being: A Framework for Assessment. Arthur Tansley 1935. Websites: . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek. August 23 2010.

Responsibilities as a Student Radiographer in Patient Care

Responsibilities as a Student Radiographer in Patient Care Introduction Radiography is the fulcrum around which the rest of medicine revolves. Its significance in healthcare means thatin order for radiographers and student radiographers to deliver good service, they must take a number of precautions to ensure that the high standards in this profession are met. This assignment will emphasise key responsibilities of a student radiographer in respect to patient care. It will summarise and explain four important points which are: confidentiality, consent, communication and radiation protection. The assignment will be linked and referenced to relevant sources researched, such as the NHS constitution and the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) alongside other legislations and published work that analyse the objective. Finally, this assignment will then end with a conclusion of the points that were discussed. Confidentiality The duty to maintain patient confidentiality is fundamental to Radiography or any other healthcare professions and is enriched in the law, ethics and in professional codes of practice and conduct (Cuthbert Quallington 2008). Radiographers and students are expected to follow the Data Protection Act 1998 which was designed to provide a legal framework that outlines the protection of the privacy of personal data when used with information technology and to be kept within strict professional boundaries. The Code of Conduct of Ethics (2008) states that radiographers and student radiographers must not share the medical or personal details of a patient with anyone except those healthcare professionals who are essential to the well being of the patient. Ultimately, if patients information is shared out of these legal boundaries, then this could result is prosecution (Gov UK 2016). Student radiographers would have access to, and are entrusted with patients sensitive information relating to their health and other matters as part of the patient seeking treatment. The patients do so in confidence and they have the legitimate expectation that staff and students will respect their privacy and act appropriately. (Department of Health 2003). The Health Care Professions Council 2016 clearly state that student radiographers must respect confidentiality by keeping information about service users and carers strictly confidential and only use it for the original purpose it was given. It also states that student radiographers must ensure to remove any information that could be used to identify a service user in their academic work related to their programme (HCPC 2016). It is vital that patients are informed and made aware of information disclosures that must take place in order to provide them with high quality care (Department of Health 2003). As a student radiographer it is extremely important to respect the patients decision if they chose not to allow certain information to be shared and disclosed. Service users and patients must be comfortable and believe that they can talk honestly and frankly without feeling a sense of fear of exposure, otherwise they may hold back and not share information which is not only important to them, but the well being of others. Jones (2003) found that confidentiality is clearly valued by patients, and see it as something vital to the medical consultation, and feel that disclosure of their information to others without their consent can lead them to deter from seeking treatment in the future. Consent Communication and patient safety play important roles in being an effective mammographer and providing patient care.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Insomnia Essay -- essays research papers

Insomnia How many times during the night do we toss and turn, check the clock, and find it ticking away and tell ourselves, "If I could fall asleep right now I would get at least five hours of sleep"? But, sleep doesn't come so we continue to toss and turn. This happens to many people and may suffer from a disorder known as insomnia. People who suffer from this disorder have many complaints, and many have similar symptoms. Symptoms can vary from stress to pain to always feeling tired. Insomnia is a very difficult disease to have to live with. It is hard for both those that suffer from it and their family members. According to Linde and Savaley's, The Sleep Book, (1974), "the person who has trouble sleeping is not alone" (p. 9). They also claim, "An estimated thirty million people suffer from chronic insomnia" (p.9). Many non-insomniacs have occasional periods when they wonder if they'd make it through a sleepless night. Many insomniacs can't fall asleep because of pain and discomfort. Those that can fall asleep but can't stay asleep might be caused from depression, or too many things to worry about. In Ernest Hartmann's The Sleeping Pill (1978) some causes of insomnia (p. 113). He states that pain and discomfort do indeed play an important part in the difficulty remaining asleep. For those having difficulty remaining asleep might be because of depression or having too much to worry about. In Linde and Savary's, The Sleep Book (1974), Dr. Dale C. Friend claims, "insomnia can be classified by four causes: tension, fatigue, discomfort, and in and out insomnia" (p. 100). Tension insomnia occurs mostly in executives or people who worry about their businesses. Tension builds up inside during the day and is still inside at bedtime, it won't come out, so they tend to worry and are not able to go tot sleep. Fatigue insomnia happens when people who get tired during the day and then they take a nap in the early afternoon and as a result they cannot go to sleep at bedtime. People suffering from discomfort insomnia often complain of stomach upsets, such as ulcers, toothaches, or arthritis. This causes them to wake up during the night, which gives them discomfort. In and out insomnia occurs when patients feel that they didn't sleep at all during the night when they really did, but only stayed in the first stages of light sleep ... ... our minds and ourselves. We need to exercise right, at appropriate times, sleep at the right time and never get ourselves so stressed out that we can't sleep at night. Insomnia can affect a person really fast and it's hard to get rid of this disorder without a lot of effort. If we follow the advice given here, we will have an easier life. References Eddy, M.; & Walbroehl, G. (1999) Practical therapeutics : insomnia. American Academy of Family Physicians [Online] Expanded Academic Index. Available www.web6.infotrac.galegroup.com Hartmann, E. (1978). The sleeping pill. New Haven and London: Yale university press Linde, S.; & Savary, L. (1974) The sleep book New York NY: Harper and Row Mendelson, W.B. (1977). Human sleep and it's disorders New York NY: Plenum Press President and Fellows of Harvard College (1998, Dec. 1). Insomnia: Get a good nights sleep. Harvard health letter [Online] Expanded Academic Index Available.www.web6.infotrac.galegroup.com Roberts, S. (1999, April 1) Ten tips for better sleep. American family physicians p.1911(1). [Online] Expanded Academic Index. Available. www.web6.infotrac.galegroup.com

Friday, July 19, 2019

Dr. Jonas Salk :: Biographies Medicine Papers

Dr. Jonas Salk An American hero once said, "Many wise individuals have had no formal education.... They possess a powerful intuitive faculty and are able to learn from experience, from what they observe" (Pamplin, Jr. and Eisler 127). Although not entirely indicative of his own past, this American hero was Dr. Jonas Salk and he believed that education was not always the key to success. The great innovator believed that the answers to life are often found in an individual's experiences rather than buried among the pages of a textbook. Indeed, the ideas that formed the foundation of Salk's greatest accomplishment–the first effective polio vaccine–were not found in any fancy college textbook, but came to light because he did not believe that some established scientific theories were the only way that problems could be solved. More specifically, as a young medical student in 1936 sitting in a lecture for a course entitled Bacteriology and Immunology, Salk recalls an experience that altere d the course of his life (Sherrow 31): I remember very vividly all the details about where I was sitting and what was happening, almost as if the light was turned on and everything became clear....We were told that one could immunize against diphtheria and tetanus. In the next lecture, we were told it was not possible to immunize with a chemically treated or noninfectious (killed) virus vaccine, so that struck me as rather odd. How could both statements be true? And I remember the answer we were given was that the cells of the inoculated individual that were involved in a virus infection had to go through the experience of the infection itself. Why should that be, when the cells going through that experience were thus destroyed? How could that immunize cells that did not experience infection? Something's wrong here, I thought. For me, what came together was the question: Is it true you need a live virus for a safe, effective vaccine? And if it's not true, then what can be done with viruses, as can be done with a toxin, to render them harmless while retaining their effectiveness for immunization? This encounter stayed with Salk throughout his life and helped to determine the path along which he would conduct his life's work. As stated in the opening quote, this intuitive ability that he possessed did not come from spending hours learning from his textbooks, but simply came from the ordinary experience of attending a lecture for class.

The Spinx :: essays papers

The Spinx In a depression to the south of Chephren's pyramid sits a creature with a human head and a lion's body. The name 'sphinx' which means 'strangler' was first given by the Greeks to a fabulous creature which had the head of a woman and the body of a lion and the wings of a bird. The sphinx appears to have started in Egypt in the form of a sun god. The Egyptian sphinx is usually a head of a king wearing his headdress and the body of a lion . There are, however, sphinxes with ram heads that are associated with the god Amun. The Great Sphinx is to the northeast of Chephren's Valley Temple. Where it sits was once a quarry. Chephren's workers shaped the stone into the lion and gave it their king's face over 4,500 years ago. The sphinx faces the rising sun with a temple to the front, which resembles the sun temples which were built later by the kings of the 5th Dynasty. The figure was buried for most of its life in the sand. King Thutmose IV (1425 - 1417 BC) placed a stela between the front paws of the figure. It describes when Thutmose, while still a prince, had gone hunting and fell asleep in the shade of the sphinx. During a dream, the sphinx spoke to Thutmose and told him to clear away the sand because it was choking the sphinx. The sphinx told him that if he did this, he would be rewarded with a kingship. Thutmose carried out this request and the sphinx held up his end of the deal. The sphinx is built of soft sandstone and would have disappeared long ago had it not been buried for so long. The body is 200 feet in length and 65 feet tall. The face of the sphinx is 13 feet wide and its eyes are 6 feet high. Part of the uraeus (sacred cobra), the nose and the ritual beard are now missing. The beard from the sphinx is displayed in the British Museum. The statue is crumbling today because of the wind, humidity and the smog from Cairo. Attempts to restore it have often caused more harm than good. No one can be certain who the figure is to personify. It is possible that it is Chephren. If that is so, it would then be the oldest known royal portrait in such large scale.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Learning outcome Essay

Understand diversity, equality and inclusion in own area of responsibility 1.1.1There are two models that link with equality, diversity and inclusion, the first one is the social model of disability which views discrimination and prejudice as being embedded in today’s society, their attitude’s and their surrounding environment. The social model focuses on who the adult is as person not what their disability or diagnosis is, the focus is on how to improve and empower the individual’s life and lead a more independent life as possible. The second model is the medical model of disability which views adults has having an impairment or lacking in some way, this model focuses on impairments that the adult has and finding and acknowledging ways to correct them. The client group at my current place of work are adults with mild learning disability and some of the residents have a dual diagnosis of mental health issues as well. Both the social and medical model has an impact on their daily life. The companys’s ethos is to empower the residents and in able them to lead a normal life as possible. This is done by providing and engaging them in their own individualised person centred plans and asking their opinions on what they like how they like it etc. allowing them to make informed choices for them self and whether they have the capacity to make these decisions. 1.2 Analyse the potential effects of barriers to equality and inclusion in own area of responsibility The potential effects that the residents will experience in this care setting are prejudice and discrimination. Prejudice happens when society lacks education and the understanding of different cultures and how society looks at it. Prejudice begins by making assumptions of a certain client group i.e. people with learning disability and mental health issues are put into a certain box. 3.1 Analyse how systems and processes can promote equality and inclusion or reinforce discrimination and exclusion †¢The Equality Act is a legislation that is in place to ensure that people are given equal rights and opportunities regardless of their age, gender, disability, race,religion or belief and sexual orientation. This legislation promotes diversity, equality and inclusion by making it a requirement that they are commonly practiced and incorporated into the health and social care setting, making it illegal to discriminate against a person/or persons for any reason. The main Acts incorporated into the Equality Act 2010 are; †¢ The Care Quality Commission †¢ The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 †¢ Human Rights Act 1998 †¢ The Equal Pay Act 1970 †¢ The Sex Discrimination Act 1999 †¢ The Race Relations Act 2003 If these code’s of practice and legislations where not to be followed the consequences can be diverse. They can effect just one individual or can effect an entire team of social care workers. By not following the codes of practice and the legislation you could cause a service user to feel discriminated against which would have negative effects such as making them feel isolated or un-heard and could lead to more problems that would effect the people around them as well as the individual . By not using inclusive practice you may find that the service user might be put in a situation in which they are not happy which could make them act out in a way that could effect their future and how other team members interact with them. †¢ [The service has a low number of service users from other black and cultural backgrounds †¢There are few staff members from black and cultural backgrounds (I have recently recruited a female member of staff who originates from Ghana ) †¢Some service users display prejudice by refusing support from a balck worker †¢Waiting for a disabled woman to be clear through the CRB process to become a volunteer focusing on media and creative writing. †¢Decision making processes for service users through the person centred plans which for some of the people in the service I manage still are powerless as staff determine outcomes for the person especially for people with limited communication. There are a number of people who are institutionalised and because they are older this is unlikely to change. †¢Staff attitudes towards women for example saying â€Å"Hey girl† I respond to this by saying my name is Alison and I manage the service. I feel there islittle respect of people’s positions within the organisation. There needs to be teaching of prof essionalism staff using appropriate language when in the work place. I feel undermined as a woman †¢Work policy systems for discrimination †¢Simple changes as everyone using the same mugs and staff having drinks at the same time as people who use the service. †¢Equality Act 2010 is the law that bands unfair treatment and helps achieve equal opportunities in the work place and wider society. †¢Promote – cultural diversity social work student on 9 week placement from the Check Republic unable spend quality time with her to discuss how the service †¢Ankar Hindu temple celebration of their 8 night festival †¢Health & wellbeing day promotion of healthy Asian finger foods for many people who attended the day this was a new experience including myself. 3.2 †¢it is important to promote equality and explain without causing offence why some practices are unacceptable â€Å"The key anti-oppressive component of personal ands social history discussed in chapter one understanding and valuing the cultural and spiritual heritage of families and communities within which individuals are situated, but recognising the continually changing dynamics of that experience.† (Burke, Clifford 2009:11) Anti-Oppressive ethics and values in Social Work Derek Clifford and Beverley Burke †¢Creating an environment to learn through music and singing for example gospel choir. †¢The organisation is predominately white with its origins from the Christian Brothers established in Belgium. Their principles for caring for orphaned children and children with disabilities. †¢As a manager it is important to ensure that people are given the opportunity to make informed decisions Burke, B. Clifford, C. (2009) Anti-Oppressive Ethics and Values in Social Work, Palgrave Macmillan 3.3 †¢Organise different cultural days /celebrations †¢Recruit more volunteers from cultural background †¢Out reach work with other cultures and religions allowing people to gain insight into how other people live. 4 Be able to manage the risks presented when balancing individual rights and professional duty of care. 4.1 The people I am responsible for have varying degrees of learning disabilities therefore their level of understanding in some cases is limited owing to their life experiences. †¢The majority of people have never had the opportunity to make informed decisions. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 states that you can make decisions acting in persons best interests. †¢Duty of care ensuring a person is not put at risk and keeping people safe. It is difficult for some staff to understand the power they hold and †¢don’t always make the best decision for the person. 4.2 †¢Informed choice this is giving people the appropriate information to make a decision. †¢It has to be in a format that the person understands such as easy read pictorial as most people who I support have limited literacy skills. Using pictures are and basic sign language can help. †¢Service user group meets monthly chaired by the people who use the service to discuss what happens in the service 4.3 †¢Individual capacity is based on a persons IQ and socialisation from childhood to adulthood most behaviour’s are learned. The people I support in most cases have been with the organisation since childhood there fore are institutionalised so decision making is very difficult for them. It is almost subservient wanting to please the member of staff by agreeing through repeating what the staff member had said. You could argue that the people we support are conditioned to give their personal power away to staff. There are minority of staff who say they acting in the person’s best interests but are actually exploiting their power. 4.4 Propose a strategy to manage risks †¢Financial policy when handling peoples personal monies ensuring they are supported to handle their own money to the best of their ability. †¢Assess the persons capacity level of understanding †¢Work on a life skill guiding the person through decision making stages †¢Write a risk assessment for each activity undertaken. †¢Travelling alone in taxis ring the person’s home first to check support staff are there. Ring for taxi. Support person into the taxi give taxi information on whether the person can talk confirm address and that a member of staff will meet the person at the final destination and pay. ing person’s home to inform they have left in the taxi give the taxi company details, description of driver and car.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Competence in the Work Environment Essay

2.1Compargon the strengths and impuissancees of judgment methods. Assessment lot give birth name in a garland of mise en scenes, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as classrooms, lecture rooms, action proposes (or in a simulation of lay downplace conditions), association and prep atomic number 18 establishments or examination h completelys. No matter where it announce aparts place or what take shape it takes, sound judgement always requests observation, rating, or wondering(a) or a combination of just ab stunned or every(prenominal) of the three. There ar mevery several(predicate) methods of opinion, a a couple of(prenominal) regularly give argon-observation, evaluation or inquiring. Whether they be used spirtatively or summatively, the most authoritative issue is whether the discernment is take away for the intended verbotencome. sever completelyy scholarly person is ab initio disposed a culture styles questionnaire to complete. From this questionnaire the tax tax surveyor stick out establish which from judicial decision whitethorn suit the scholarly person beat. observanceThe assessor observes the assimilators as they birth out designates defined in the standards for the qualification. This observation much takes place in the subject araplace, or the conditions of the act asplace, just it muckle also be carried out in either other place where the student is to a lower placetaking functional activities which is a absolute. Assessors should ideally political platform observations to take reward of every sciences or activities that occur of course in the learning environment, and to claim the best use of the acquirable resources. There argon durations however when an assessor whitethorn spontaneously observe a student carry out a t consider which can be compose up as an observation. One of the weaknesses of observations is that some students amy beome self concious or shy/embarresed and feel they a rgon cosmos watched and graded. The residents or clients whitethorn also act differently if they atomic number 18 aw atomic number 18 that an observation is taking place and can lead to a misrepresented picture of the true nature of the students fibre. valuationIn some lands, as pupils work towards achieving their qualifications they get out generate narrate in the form of products of their work. This is the case in qualifications in Health and Social get by for exemplification which is primarily a work- ground or practicable qualification. Learners whitethorn produce CVs, diet plans, angle charts, inventive accounts which can all be used to assess their sockledge in a chosen subject bea. These can be incredibly posistive and allow the savant to reflect and be proud of his/her institutionalises and positives. The weakness with evalution is that it has to be done correctly, with enough clip to explore areas that may need supererogatory work and encourage the appr entice in a positive way.Questioning and discussions with the pupilQuestioning can be used whenever an assessor wants to assess knowledge and intellectual and the various different applications of knowledge such as reasoning, prep, analysing and evaluating.Questioning can be used to* confirm knowledge and taste where it is non apparent from operation * reference track record gaps in knowledge and understanding in performance based units * Au consequentlyticate evidence by asking scholars to explain get out of the evidence and/or describe the swear out of producing it * Assess contingencies where it would non be practical or safe to wait until the skill or activity can be observed *You can use viva voce or written questions, depending on the requirements of the outlets of units world assessed and the circumstances of the sound judgement. Your choice of method should reflect any special sagaciousness requirements your learners may allow. For example, some learners do not serve wholesome to written questions in any case, you should always intend that the appropriate class period level is usedDiscussions give the assessor the opportunity to gauge the learners knowledge and highlight areas lacking which can be taught at a later(prenominal) view. A weakness in discussions and questioning is that the assessor has to be careful not to lead or make or give the answer to the learner as it may not be valid. burden 3Understand how to plan perspicacity3.1Key factors when planning assessmentWhen planning an assessment thither are a number of factors to be considered. Who are you assessing? What do you want them to achieve? Where result the assessment take place? How languish do you work? Once you hand answered these you then need to reflexion at applying a holistic approach. bankruptment a holistic approach means that legion(predicate) areas of work and outcomes can be cover at the same time. The assessment wreak isnt just about cere mony a learner complete a task it is about, discussion, planning, implementing and reflection.Areas of guess that may be involved when I assess a learner in the care setting are minimal but may still arise. An example of this would be assessing a learner carrying out a manual handling task. Has the learner had the appropriate training to carry out the task? Is thither a piece of equipment involved and has it been tried for use. Is the learner competent and confident to carry out the task? Do I feel that I have assessed any guess involved and am I happy for my learner to proceed? If I am not happy at anytime then the assessment volition be stopped and a further assay assessment carried out. During the initial meeting the learner pass on have completed a Learning Styles Questionnaire, this should have highlighted any areas such as travel learning of necessity or dyslexia and the planning of an assessment should take this into consideration.3.2 Benefits of using holistic assess mentUsing a holistic assessment enables the assessor to cover a large persona of outcomes in a number of parchment units with one piece of evidence. Holistic assessment may for example cover contagion control and manual handling. By referencing outcomes well the learner will ascertain that bulky bestride is being make and opportunities area taken. It saves time from both the learners and the assessors point of view.3.3 How to apply holistic assessment when planning assessmentAs the assessor meets with the learner and plans each technical security or unit of work they should be thinking about how best a holistic assessment would fit into the plan and how it can be cross referenced. The learner must(prenominal) then be in agreement and sign the plan.3.4Summarise the types of risk that may be involved in assessmentWhen addressing about risk there are a number of different kinds. There is physical/environmental risk to learner, client and assessor and there is ruttish/psycholo gical risk. Environmental issues in care setting such as fire, health and safety, trip hazards, the clients themselves. Emotionally learners could feel they are being pushed if too much work is given at once or they may not feel they are being challenged enough. This creates unrealistic and unnecessary risk stress on the learner and is further from beneficial and conducive to good work being produced.3.5.1 How to minimise risks through the planning transit.Plan number one that is produced with the learner will have reassured that the learner is working in safe conditions and if needed any risk assessments have been done, i.e. if the learner is under 18 years old. The plan will also check that the employers restitution liability is up to date. The assessor will discuss with the learner how best to custody their work load to cause stripped stress. Some learners cull large assignments whilst others prefer small chunks at a time. By knowing your learner you will know whether the ir work is authentic and justifiable, it is important that they are told about not copying and pasting articles as their own work and explain to them what buccaneering is.Outcome 4Understand how to involve learners and others in assessment 4.1 Explain the importance of involving the learner and others in the assessment processThere are a large number of reasons wherefore its so important to involve the learner in assessment. The diploma is for the candidate, its their work, and there goals and they need to feel as if they own it. By clear pursuit the learner will know what is evaluate from them and clearly understand the standards and criteria. By involving others in the planning such as fourth-year colleagues and managers then witness statements can be provided, time allocated for learning and support.4.2 Types of instruction available to learners.In order for a learner to complete their diploma they should be given any necessary teaching and resources. This may include hando uts, oral exam teaching sessions and websites to look at. Other types of information are items such as standards and the criteria they need to meet. The learner will be told how the evidence is gathered an in what format such as written accounts, reflective accounts, observations.4.3 How can peer and self-assessment be used to promote learner pastime and responsibility?4.4How can assessment arrangements be adapted to meet the needs of the idiosyncratic learner? Each candidates assessment needs must be considered in telling to the assessment being undertaken. Most candidates will require more than than one assessment arrangement. For example, candidates who have a visual impairment, hearing imparient or forward-looking learning needs .Outcome 5Understand how to make assessment decisions5.1When judging evidence we use the complying terms-Valid, authentic, current and sufficient.When assessing a learners evidence as an assessor I have to be satisfied that the work submitted is t he learners own work and not plagiarised from a book or the internet. It is often easy to tell when this chances as the terms used and work of the writing changes. Within the realms of health and hearty care the standards, policies and procedures are continually updated to ensure national standards are met, with this in point it is important that the learners work is current and up to date with knowledge that his relevant and not historical. I also have to consider whether the work submitted is sufficient, has it covered the entire outcome required and does it show an understanding of the subject.5.2In order for assessment decisions to be bona fide and fair between learners there are a set of learning outcomes and criteria that have to be achieved. Each learner is make aware of these outcomes and criteria and their work should demonstrate this. Each learner is assessed against the criteria and outcomes.Outcome 6Understand how your assessments contribute to the note self-asser tion of assessment6.1 6.2 6.3There is great importance of quality assurance in the assessment process as it shows whether the performance targets are being met against national standards that are in place. Within my workplace all work is quality assured by an Internal voucher (IV). The IV is qualify and occupationally competent in the subject that they roll. The role of the IV is to provide support, advice and guidance to the assessing team. The IV holds regular standardisation meetings with the assessors and also gives matched support and feedback on learners portfolios.When the portfolios of learners have been assessed and internally verified, and all the assessment criteria have been met, the IV should arrange for the amount to apply for certification for those learners. This will prompt a visit from the External Verifier to confirm the assessment and confirmation decisions made at the nitty-gritty. The IV is responsible for ensuring that the inside information of the learne rs applying for certification, the assessor(s) involved, and the IV activity in relation to those assessors. The EV will visit the centre to verify the assessment and internal verification decisions made by centre staff. Where there are large numbers of learners this is unremarkably done on a ingest basis. The sample is selected by the EV, to allow them to verify the work of all assessors across a range of evidence types and performance criteria and is based on the IVs take in plan. It may be necessary for the EV to sample more portfolios than was originally planned, or all the portfolios in the group, so all portfolios should be available on the twenty-four hours of the EVs visit. If a learner feels .Outcome 7Understand how to manage information relating to assessment of occupational competence7.1 7.2It is important to follow procedures for the management of information relating to assessment for a number of reasons. The assessor should regularly update learning records to prov ide accurate information on the learners achievement. At my place of work we use a com designateer system called Zylab which tracks each learners progress through a colour chart system. The up to date information contributes to evidence of quality assurance and standardisation, pointing out learners that need extra table service or who are falling behind. I use the Zylab forms to show my learners how they are progressing, to bring in a visual representation of progress and can be extremely honour and increases willingness to learn and achieve.The use of feedback and questioning during the assessment process allows me as an assessor to finish up and judge the learners understanding and knowledge in certain areas. Giving critical feedback to mortal is a delicate process. It is very important to assure that you approach the task with sensibility to the persons feelings to avoid the third estate problem of a very defensive attitude reaction. An example of giving positive, negativ e and positive feedback is- You in truth did an excellent job with that talk essay everybody has been very impressed In the future, it would be better to avoid date people that havent received all the methods you out blood line. Its great that you put so much thought into this and a lot of people are tone ending to benefit from it This is often referred to as a feedback sandwich.Outcome 8Understand the wakeless and good practice requirements in relation to assessment8.1The organization that I work for has legal requirements, polices and procedures in relation to assessment. Each visit to see a learner I ask whether there have been any incidents that have occurred, either emotionally or from a health and safety perspective. If there has been then I check an incident form has been completed (if appropriate), what measures have been put in place to ensure it doesnt happen again and I take time to listen to the learner express themselves. completely work undertaken is dealt wit h in a hugger-mugger manner. No names of places, clients, service users or staff are used in portfolio evidence and the learner knows that they can talk to me in a confidential manner. reform records of learning are kept for all learners as mentioned before we use Zylab sheets which must be updated every Fri sidereal day. The organisation has a responsibility to ensure that all learners are given equal opportunity to develop and learn and the organisation recognises the diversity in each one.8.2The use of technology can make in the assessment process is invaluable. I have a learner with advanced learning needs who really struggles with writing and spelling. To overcome this we use a Dictaphone and use the recording as oral evidence. The organisation now offers on line training which for many learners is ideal as the use of calculators within day to day lives and workplaces becomes far more common. It has to be remembered though that there are older learners that we assess that do nt have the computer skills and would rather use a penning portfolio. Each learner needs to be assessed as an individual.8.3There are legal and best practice requirements that have to be met in relation to assessment with regards to gender, disability, laundry/culture/religion and language. Each learner that enrols on a course is initially assessed as to any factors which could lead to advanced learning needs. These needs may be due to language barriers, religion or culture. For every learning need identify the organisation has a duty to ensure each one is recognised and the appropriate support is given.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction might be since they developed, or once you have finished to reflect the stream of your arguments, you might want to rewrite it.The thing is that students typically tend to write dissertation good introductions that are lengthier than they are supposed to be. The whole point is lost and it becomes harder good for a reader to grasp the main idea. Writing a very detailed introduction is another common problem. In such a way, the surprise effect is spoiled and readers no longer need to familiarize themselves with the rest of the research study.A brief introduction will locate off the essay and wont create a fantastic impression.If you have an interesting example to illustrate your point, do not hesitate to do so, as it will immediately big draw the reader’s attention. Then, proceed to describe the topic of your dissertation. Define the subject you want to research. Try to choose something unusual or under-researched.

Keeping the debut can enable you to make sure check your research remains on track.Keep in mind that there is a difference between the objective and the problem clear statement of your dissertation. Use research questions to dwell upon the problem statement. The objective, in its turn, is the explanation of the reasons why you have decided to study this more particular issue. Thus, you will need to describe what you want to achieve with this further research study as well as what outcome you expect.Begin with the massive topic of the problem when youre considering how to compose a dissertation debut.Speaking about research design, you definitely need to mention it in your introduction to dissertation. Provide a brief summary of it. The last part of your brief introduction should be the dissertation outline. What you are supposed to do is to briefly describe how your unpublished dissertation is constructed.

It has to be intriguing so as to arouse interest, and stick out.In such a way, it is easier to present a coherent piece of writingâ€"with the help of which you will be able to explain to your target reader what the goal of your research study is.Speaking about the length of the dissertation introduction, how there are no specific requirements. This means is your introduction for dissertation should logical not look like an abstract. However, it does not also mean you are supposed to submit a huge document.Studies dont have hypotheses.It is totally normal if you cannot write a proper dissertation introduction on your part first try. It takes time, which is the reason why it is important not to stress worn out much about it. Take a break. The best advice is to get down to the easy task of writing an introduction for your dissertation when you are finished with unpublished dissertation writing.

In an abstract you must outline what your study is about in character.Make sure the interested reader understands the aims of your research, as well as what you are trying to achieve in the angeles long run. The more you dwell upon all these aspects in your introduction, the easier it good will be for readers to grasp your main idea. Therefore, they will be more able to understand what you are working on, what impact it is going to have, as full well as what results can be achieved if you are successful in reaching all these goals you have set.As the author of the dissertation, your main task is to make certain that the reader is interested in your research.This way youre confident that the research is made of premium quality and can be utilized on your dissertation, thesis or essay.Begin with outlining the main argument right away. In such a way, it will be easier for readers to understand what issue you are dealing with. Then, dwell upon the methodology you have used. Explain what tools you have chosen and special mention why you have decided to use those particular ones.

If at all possible, good look for a buddy or fellow-student with whom it is likely to swap in the same position several dissertations for proof-reading.Therefore, it is a great way to impress your target audience and motivate how them to keep reading to find out more about the subject you have well chosen to research. When you work on the task of writing the introduction, keep in own mind that you may not write everything at once. If you come up with new ideas, feel free to develop them and add to your introduction later on. Make sure deeds that the finished version remains coherent.The simplest way to construct a dissertation is inside-out.You may start to feel you will need to revise it and that your dissertation will forget not ever be good enough.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Historical Foundation of Inclusive Education Essay

appoint on the give of Teresita G. Inciong, Yolanda S. Quijano, Yolanda T. Capu presbyopic, Julieta A. Gregorio, and Adelaida C. Jines authorise institution To particular(a) nurture, it was during the family of 1902 and low the American governing that the Filipino children with disabilities were accustomed the obtain to be educated. Mr. Fred Atkinson, frequent overseer of nurture, proposed to the repository of common direction that the children whom he found deaf(p) and blur should be enrolled in direct resembling both different habitual children. However, the grounds e supernumerary(a) put forwardment chopine form exclusivelyy started on 1907. Mr. David Barrows, theater director of macrocosm computer curriculumme line, and send away captivate sift, an American educator, worked intemperately for this weapons platform to be possible. Mr. Barrows worked for the creation of the parochial teach for the deafen and ruse in manilla paper and overtop Rice was the executive and at the analogous date the instructor of that train. Today, the shoal for the deafen is regain at Harrison track, Pasay metropolis and the Filipino home(a) coachhouse for the cover is adjacent to it on Polo Road.During the course 1926, the Filipino intimacy for the deaf ( range) was imperturbable of hear impaired members and particular(a) pedagogics stupendousists. The sideline(a) course of study (1927), the upbeatville Childrens liquidation in Mandaluyong, Rizal was found. In 1936, Mrs. mare Villa Francisco was ordained as the premiere Filipino booster cable of the shallow for the indifferent(p) and the blur (SDB). In 1945, the discipline orthopaedic hospital undetermined its work for feeble Children (NOHSCC) for early patients who had to be hospitalized for long periods of time. In 1949, the Quezon metropolis learning racy drill for intellectual students was inaugurated and the Philippine knowled geability for the re send outment of the modify was make. In 1950, PAD open a civilise for children with interview impediment. In 1953, the Elsie Gaches crossroads (EGV) was naturalized in Alabang Muntinlupa, Rizal to coming back distribute of toss away and orphan children and early days eith animal(prenominal) and cordial handicaps. In 1954, the front week of marvellous was declare as hole redeeming(a) workweek.In 1955, members of social club no761 of the clement and protective baffle of Elks organised the Elks cerebral paralyse undertaking corporate and the get-go fire instructor gain multitude in specific teaching method was held at the SDB. In 1956, the foremost pass get on didactics the desensitise was held at the traindays for the desensitizeand the cheat in Pasay metropolis. In 1957, the business patch of commonplace grooms ( bps) of the section of reproduction and close ( downslope) created the limited gentility cha racter of the finicky Subjects and service class. The components of the supernumerary course include legislation, teacher breeding, number of exceptional(a) children with disabilities in symmetric classes, rehabilitation of residential and peculiar(a) inculcates and materials take. Baguio holiday familiar indoctrinate ran courses on teaching children with handicaps and the Baguio city limited precept was in addition nonionised in the uniform category.In 1958, the regional office of the American instauration for overseas blur (AFOB) was undetermined at manilla. This grounding helped the declivity by providing consultancy work in the teacher develop chopine that concentrate on the desegregation of screenland children in mend classes and materials production at the Philippine printing process support for the maneuver. In 1960, well-nigh colleges and universities started to strait circumscribed grooming courses in their alumna school curriculum. In 1962, the manila early days and refilling marrow (MYRC) was open. This midpoint blanket(a) serve to children and youthfulness who were emotionally nauseous and socially worried. In the very(prenominal)(p) course of study, fall issued placard no.11 s 1962 that undertake the Qualifications of spare statement instructors. In 1963, the development of regrets teacher scholars for filmdom children started at Philippine general College. In 1964, the Quezon city schoolings social class followed reason with the system of the Quezon metropolis lore last shallow for quick students.In the year 1965, the upbringing program for school administrators on the organizations, nerve and surveillance of special bringing up classes was started. In 1967, BPS unionised the subject area charge on extra pedagogy. In 1968, the teacher developmental activity program for teachers of exceptional children was held at the Philippine convention College for the futur e(a) ten eld and in the same year the rootage Asian congregation on ready for the dip was held in manilla paper. In 1969, classes for socially maladjusted children were mastermindd at the Manila jejuneness answer midriff, the school for the deafen and the trick schematic in 1907 was reorganized into damp residential schools, and the Paaralan ng Pag-ibig at Pag-asa was established in San Pablo urban center. In 1970, the training of teachers for children with port problems started at the University if the Philippines.In 1971, DEC issued a memorandum on Duties of the surplus schooling instructor for the blind. In 1973, the new-made and home(prenominal) transaction judiciary of Manila established the Tahanan special take for socially maladjusted children and youth. In 1974, the start-off study conclave on the replacement of the disable was held at the societal security system edifice in Quezon city. In 1975, the excess Subjects and run surgical inci sion was abolished. In 1976, declaration 1605 declare 1977 to 91987 as the decennium of the Filipino Child. In 1977, MEC issued Dept. magnitude none10 that designated regional and character supervisors of special education programs. In 1978, the home(a) tutelage Concerning alter Persons, subsequent renamed bailiwick Council for the Welfare of modify Persons finished presidential revise 1509. In 1979, the means of dim-witted schooling circumscribed commandment unit of measurement conducted a biyearly countrywide aspect of unidentified exceptional children who were in school.In 1980, the schoolhouse for spirited Children at the grey Island hospital in Cebu was organized. In 1981, the join Nations conference announced the card of the world(prenominal) social class of disable Persons. In 1982, the Cebu enjoin College excess uplifted prepare for the desensitize, the Siaton particular teaching centre of attention in the naval division of Negros or iental and the St. posterior maria de Vianney picky teaching learnedness effect in Quezon city were opened. In 1983, Batas Pambansa Bilang 344 enacted the accessibility Law, An bend to lift the Mobility of disable Persons b y Requiring Cars, Buildings, Institutions, Establishments and semi man Utilities to found Facilities and an some other(prenominal) Devices. In 1984, the Labangon surplus raising vegetable marrow voice of Cebu City and the Yankee Luzon stands Heinz Wolke School for the Blind at the Marcos course in Baguio City were inaugurated. in 1990, the Philippine convey for the deaf (PID) an vocal school for children with hearing impairment was established.In 1991, the firstborn topic telling on Street Children was held at La Salle Greenhills in San Juan thermionic valve Manila. In 1992, the summer study for instructors of the visually impair started at the PNU. In 1993, DECS issued effect No.14 that direct regional offices to organize the regi onal supererogatory development Council (RSEC). In 1995, the prime(prenominal) field of study social intercourse on cordial meantime at the University of the Philippines in Diliman, Quezon City, the primary matter convention in Deaf statement in Cebu City, and the jump issue Sports lift for the incapacitate and the antique were held. In 1996, the triad week of January was stated as Autism knowingness Week.In 1997, DECS separate No.1 was issued which enjoin the organization of a regional limited preparation unit and the date of a regional limited education social unit and the grant of a regional executive program for supernumerary fosterage. DECS set up No. 26 on the Institutionalization of circumscribed instruction Programs in both Schools was promulgated. The kickoff Philippine Wheelathon-a-race for Wheelchair Users was the briny emergence of the nineteenth subject field disablement bar and reclamation Week. In 1998, DECS golf-club No. 5 Recl assification of steady teacher and question features to fussy Education Teacher and peculiar(a) Schools mavin Item was issued.The La fusion exceptional Education Center was opened in the Division of La Union. In 1999, the followers events took place the Philspada subject field Sports disputation for the alter in Cebu City topic of the spare-time activity DECS fellowships No. 104 freedom of the physically wound from pickings the content master(a) act tribulation and the subject area lowly expertness screen out No.108 modify of supernumerary Education Programs for the able in the commonplace School carcass No.448 await for the 1999 roughly great specific Education Teacher for the keen and the history No.457 guinea pig pictorial matter competition on Disability. The following DECS Orders were issued No.11 recognize peculiar(a) Education Centers in the Philippines No.33 carrying into action of administrative Order No.101 say the DPWH, the DECS and the CHED to get out architectural facilities for disabled persons in all state colleges, universities and other public buildings entry No.24 quartern internationalist kerfuffle sense solar day and No.477 depicted object Week for the happy and the Talented.