Social research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social research methods - Essay Example These people were of different classes as well as encompassing other races. STUDENT EMPLOYMENT QUESTIONNAIRE Answer the questions below appropriately. Note that comments are optional, you can write them if you wish. 1. What is your gender a. Male b. Female 2. Are students able to balance education and work? a. Yes b. No a. Can work stress and academic stress overwhelm the students? b. Yes c. No 3. Is student employment healthy for the students? a. Yes b. No 4. Can students be competitive in their various jobs without experience? a. Yes b. No 5. Which school students are allowed to enter the employment field? a. Primary school students b. High school students c. College/university students 6. Does student employment help students pay their fees? a. Yes b. No 7. Are there limitations in student employment? a. Yes b. No 8. Does student employment contribute to their working experience? a. Yes b. No 9. Does student employment give students extra money for enjoyment that can make them for get about their schoolwork? a. Yes b. No 10. Can work stress and academic stress overwhelm the students? a. Yes b. No 11. Do students find time to study when employed? a. Yes b. No 12. Is there a job limit for the students? a. Yes b. No Reasons for Using Simple Questionnaire Model This report used the above design of questionnaire called simple questionnaire because it is clear and specific. ... se the questions are framed in a way that an individual cannot ignore them in the sense that they are very simple and a person is only required to share his or her view through choosing between yes and no. The comment box is optional and it is only placed for those who love to explain themselves. The main reason I did not to use the other complex questionnaire is that several people could not respond to them since they need a lot of time for an individual to explain his or her views. Besides, this type of questionnaire was the best to use because the subject of research is controversial in the sense that some people it while other does not. Therefore, it is a good opportunity for the public to share their views through responding to the questions. Part B Micro-Level Data Analysis and Interpretation It is evident in the tables and graphs below that there are social-economic differences in health and lifestyle. Health is examined in terms of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) while lifestyle behavior is examined in terms of social support in the society. GHQ-12 data was acquired from the 2004 Health Survey for England cohort (n=3705). The configuration equation modeling was employed to evaluate the robust of the one-dimensional design, the present ‘best fit’ three-dimensional design and a one-dimensional design with retort bias. The best and suitable model that was employed was evaluated for standards error of measurement, reliability and free from discrimination. Questions and Answers 1. Are men more or less likely to have a high (over 4) GHQ-12 score? What does this indicate in relation to psycho-social wellbeing? There is no doubt that men are less likely to have high GHQ-12 score as compared to women. According to the 2005, Health survey conducted in England,

Football referees Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Football referees - Literature review Example If good discipline lacks and pure defiance rules, then no respect for the officials can be guaranteed and referees abuse can be expected without much consideration. The discussion presented below is basically an effort to highlight the existence of disciplinary problems in the UK football while laying stress on the referees abuse by players and to what degree this abuse is affecting the referees and their interests. The paper also highlights the steps taken by the football referees to overcome the lack of discipline and resulting abuse from the football players in UK. Disagreement from the referees’ decisions due to lack of discipline: According to a sports report by Taylor and Hytner (2008), the ruthless and defiant behavior shown by Ashley Cole and his teammates towards the match referee Sir Alex Ferguson (Scottish football manager) was too significant to be overlooked and has been the topic of much criticism among the UK public and entire world as well. This scenario presen ts an important example when lack of discipline and respect in the UK football players is talked about. ... The report further lays stress on the impact of lack of discipline among the UK football players by mentioning that another player named Grant also vehemently disagreed with the decision of the match referee Dean, who sent a midfielder player out of the field by dismissing him in the first match that was supervised by him. This action of the match referee was hugely disliked by the team players who instead of agreeing with the referee’s decision in accordance with the rules of the game, started abusing the referee coarsely. It is a good measure taken by Chelsea that Cole was subsequently punished owing to the fact that he harassed the match referee while threatening to snatch the red card from his hand. Pearce (cited in Herbert, 2008) emphasizes that referees can make mistakes too sometimes and they should be tolerated by the players. Lack of cohesion and harmony leads to disagreement between players and referees: Wenger, coming from the football club Arsenal has been quoted a s saying after a match that â€Å"Our game lacked cohesion. I always felt we could be punished.† (cited in Press Association, 2010). This also supports the reality that discipline is lacking in the UK football game and more importantly, among the football players. The UK football players have inexplicably developed a stubborn sense of defying most of the decisions taken by the match referees and a very hyped drama is created when a certain match referee orders any player to leave the field. In response to yellow or red card shown by the referee, all the teammates typically surround the referee and start pressurizing him for taking back his decision. Some even go as far as to put

Integrity and honest like integral traits Essay Example for Free

Integrity and honest like integral traits Essay Integrity and honest are integral traits in an academic process and as such students must be ethical and honest at all times in their pursuit of their academic goals in line Honest Academic Conduct. A student found in contravention of this policy will receive a grade â€Å"F† for the cheated in assignment and/or a grade â€Å"F† in the course. Indeed, as certain as death and the effects of death could be certain. Certainly, death may have different and diverse effects on different people in the community and society. Indeed, death creates an environment of desperation and decay. In the Rashomon story, the different effects that death may have on different people are brought to light. The story descriptively covers the story of a black servant thrust by fate and death into desperation to survive after losing a job. Interwoven with the black servant’s fate, the effects of death are observed through the fates of the senile woman and the deceased young woman. To begin with, huge numbers of deaths reported at a place may strike as a catastrophe making people flee. For instance, the rampant deaths in Kyoto made people leave town and hence â€Å"the Rashomon sheltered at least a few others† from the impounding rain (Iglesias, Michael and Linda, 1). A few people in the town are explained by ‘one calamity†¦In recent years’ (Iglesias, Michael and Linda, 1). As a result, the Kyoto city registered massive decay following the exodus. The city also ran into a state of desperation, decay and decline. For instance, ‘people [smashed] Buddhist statues’ and piled them along the road tucked in ‘silver and gold foils and paint flecks’ selling them as firewood. Indeed, the story further expresses the turmoil that the whole city experienced, yet ‘no one bothered’ to care for the Rashomon. Worse still, rampant cases of death coupled with city decay attract wild animals and other scavengers. For instance, the exodus resulted to dilapidated structures that offered an ideal abode for badgers and foxes. Thieves also took cover in the city’s backstreets and dilapidated structures. Wanton social decay in the Kyoto city inspired the living to litter and dump ‘corpses in the upper story’ (Iglesias, Michael and Linda, 1). As a result, the entire neighbourhood became â€Å"an eerie place everyone avoided after† sunset (Iglesias, Michael and Linda, 1). This also attracted crows that â€Å"flocked in great numbers† (Iglesias, Michael and Linda, 1). The scavengers created a petrifying and grotesque scene with their pecking of the dead flesh while their white droppings created an ugly scene. Notwithstanding, rampant deaths coupled with human migration render others unemployed. For instance, the black servant sheltered from the impounding rain at the Rashomon, â€Å"had been dismissed from service some days earlier† (Iglesias, Michael and Linda, 4). Regrettably, his master had dismissed him after serving dutifully for several years. Therefore, unemployment represents â€Å"one small consequence† of the wanton deaths in Kyoto city (Boer, and Donald, 14). Besides, the black servant sat idly at the Rashomon â€Å"waiting for the rain to end† unawares of what to do once the rain stopped. He was desperate to survive and find a place to sleep without the prying eyes. Indeed, â€Å"he was determined to find a way to remain alive for an extra day† by doing all that he could (4). As the adage goes, idle minds bleed evil thoughts and hence, the black servant thought of thievery to survive. Although thievery was against his believes, and â€Å"he could not find the courage† to decide to go into thieving. Death inflicts both bodily and mental torture. The black servant confronted evil minds and ideas, but he concludes the same. The freezing evening chill was harsh against his body and he had to â€Å"drag himself to his feet† (Iglesias, Michael and Linda, 5). Worse still, the blowing evening wind was unmerciful to the freezing black servant. Constant cases of death at a decaying city as Kyoto result to careless dumping of human corpses. Often, the corpses are piled at a segregated place. True, a place with piled up decomposing human corpses is not a haven or paradise. Therefore, it is scary and unorthodox to scour through the piles plucking off their hair. The image of a â€Å"scrawny old woman, white haired and monkey-like† scouring through rotting human corpse is also pathetic and weary. However, the black servant inspired by the need to remain alive and curiosity weathered the petrifying smell and flight and approached the woman. Incessant deaths throw people into a state of panic and desperation. The scrawny old woman endured plucking human hair to survive. She plucked the hairs to make a wig perhaps to weather the harsh weather or sell and make a living. The constant desperation in the city wore on her heavily and her faced wrinkled, her eyes reddened and became predatorily sharp while she cawed like a crow in her voice. It is obvious that the perpetual deaths had hardened her body, spirit and soul alike. She was contented with plucking off and unaffectedly arguing that the corpses deserved her wrath. Through the old woman’s anecdote, readers learn that desperation as a result of the deaths drove people into different, diverse and complicated business trades. For instance, in her justification, the scrawny old woman reasoned that the young woman â€Å"cut snakes into four inch pieces† and sold them â€Å"like fish at the palace guardhouse† (Iglesias, Michael and Linda, 8). The old woman further reveals that the â€Å"fish† was a delicacy and the guards â€Å"bought it for every meal† (8). Therefore, death intervention was a necessary evil to the young woman because she stopped selling snakes. The act inspired the black servant to strike and strip the old woman robbing her of her robe despite the cold. In the event of death, a trail of human anguish, torment and desperation ensues. Constant and perpetual deaths results into social decay, ruin and migration. As a result, grotesque, ugly and petrifying scenes occasion every corner. Thieves compete with wild animals and scavengers for structures and corpses to feed. Above all, human’s humane sense disappears and selfishness settles all as a result of death. References Boer, Jelle, and Donald Theodore Sanders. Volcanoes in human history: the far-reaching effects of major eruptions. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002. Print. Iglesias, Luis A., Michael Mays, and Linda M. Pierce Allen. Global crossroads: a world literature reader. Revised edition ed. Southlake, TX: Fountainhead Press, 2008. Print. Source document

The Conservation Of Madagascar And Its Lemurs Biology Essay

The Conservation Of Madagascar And Its Lemurs Biology Essay The extraordinary island of Madagascar is unlike anywhere else on earth. Roughly the size of France, with an area of 226,658 square miles, it is the worlds fourth largest island. It lies in the Indian Ocean, approximatly 250 miles off the coast of Southern Africa. Madagascar, and the tiny island of Comoro, provide the only present-day native habitat to lemurs (Butler, 2009). Nicknamed the 8th Continent because of its diversity of species (Hooper, 2005), Madagascar lacks the dominant form of primates distributed worldwide. Instead, their niche has been filled by an older group of primates, the Lemurs. Due to Madagascars isolation, lemurs have an interesting evolutionary history. Madagascar was originally part of the super continent Gondwanaland. As Gondwanaland began to break apart around 160 million years ago, Madagascar broke away from Africa (Carwardine, 2009). The Island continued to drift, moving away from Africa and by the evolution of monkeys, 17-23 million years ago, Madagascar was already isolated. As highly intelligent and adaptive primates, monkeys, quickly became the dominant primates around the rest of the world. The Strepsirhini, the suborder that includes the lemurs, lorises, bushbabies, and pottos, were driven away and towards extinction by these advanced primates. The lorises, bushbabies, and pottos were able to relatively successfully coexist with the monkeys, largely due to their nocturnal and insectivorous traits. They did not compete with the monkeys; however, the lemur lineage was driven to find a new home, Madagascar (Baines, 1997). As the island of Madagascar drifted futher from Africa, the lemurs were then isolated from the rest of the world and its evolutionary changes. They are now By far the most renowned and diverse group of Madagascars mammals (Sauther, 2009). They have spread throughout Madagascar, filling the niches without much competition or predators. Today lemurs are found in almost all of the ecosystems of Madagascar (Carwardine, 2009), many have adapted in amazing and bizarre ways to ensure their survival. Higher primates or homo-sapiens did not reach Madagascar until around 2,000 years ago, when they learned to navigate the seas (Oldfield, 2002). Once there, humans began to systematically destroy the previously untouched island .15 species of lemur are known to have become be extinct, but many more are thought to have disappeared before they were even discovered. Currently all lemurs are in danger, largely due to habitat destruction and hunting. Madagascars terrain is as diverse as its wildlife with coastal plains, mountain ranges, dramatic escarpments, and dense rainforest. As such, there is a great diversity of ecosystems, each with differing vegetation and therefore: different species. This is usually in accordance with relief, geology and rainfall. The first humans to arrive on Madagascar were the ancestors of the Sakalava people, who originated in Indonesia and now live in the West of the island. These early settlers practiced shifting cultivation, burning the previously untouched vegetation. In the 9th and 13th centuries respectively, the ancestors of the Merina people and Betsileo tribes of Northern Madagascar also arrived from Indonesia, and began farming rice. During the last 1,200 years people from Africa and the Arabian Peninsular have also settled in Madagascar, bringing with them Zebu cattle. Many traditional ceremonies and rituals are based around Zebu cattle, even today many Madagascians measure their wealth by the number of Zebu they own. As such there is now more Zebu than people on Madagascar. Every year vast areas of vegetation are burnt in an attempt to improve pasture for these animals (Oldfield, 2002). In 1895 Madagascar became a French colony. These new settlers began harvesting valuable hardwoods for export, such as ebonies and rosewoods, the harvesting of these trees continues today. The endangered Dalbergia delphinensis tree is one of over 30 rosewoods threatened due to selective felling (Oldfield, 2009). The restricted distribution of this species also coincides with a proposed site for a titanium mine which threatens all the remaining coastal forest in Southeast Madagascar (Kimball, 2009). Also to its detriment, Madagascars rainforests contain valuable minerals, such as gold and sapphires. Attempts to extract these poses further threats. Mining is one of the many threats to Madagascars forests and the many species that rely on them. Wood is also cut for fuel and many logging companies are keen to acquire forest concessions. Another threat is the local form of shifting cultivation known as tavy. Most of Madagascars 13 million human inhabitants depend on the land for their livelihood. Massive amounts of forest are cleared every year by cut and burn techniques for rice cultivation, maize and cassava. Many areas are exhausted of their nutrients and then abandoned, the secondary vegetation that then grows is known as savoka, this is eventually replaced by grassland (Oldfield, 2002). Madagascar is home to a massive 10,000 or so plant species, 80% of which are endemic to the island (Carwardine, 2009). Although Madagascars animal diversity is less striking, many species are unique to the island. Over 250 bird species, nearly half of which are endemic to the island, 300 species of reptiles, over 90% of which are found only on Madagascar (Oldfield, 2002). The islands only amphibians, 178 frog species, all of which are endemic and more than 33 known species of lemur inhabit Madagascar, more than half in its depleting rainforests. According to the Botanist, Henri Perrier de la Bathie, writng in 1921, The once mighty rainforests of Madagascar have declined dramatically. As early as 1921, felling had destroyed ninety per cent of Madagascars forests (Sauther, 2006 ). Biologically, it is regarded as one of the richest areas on the planet (Green, 1990), however, no one has ever managed to make a full evaluation of Madagascars many threatened rainforest species. Conservation-status information on some species of animals and trees has been assembled, but is nowhere near complete. Of the rainforest species of lemurs alone, threatened species include the Indri, as well as the Aye-aye, Hairy-eared Dwarf Lemur, Golden Bamboo Lemur and the Red-bellied Lemur. According to Ian Tattershal in Michelle Sauthers report, Lemurs: Ecology and Adaptations, there is general agreement that the lemurs, including the recently extinct subfossil forms, should be classified into seven families: Cheirogaleidae, the dwarf lemurs with five living genera; Lemuridae, the true lemurs and their close relatives, with five genera (one extinct); Lepilemuridae, with two genera (one extinct); Indriidae, with three living genera, Archaeolemuridae, with two genera (both extinct); Palaeopropithecidae, with four genera (all extinct) and Daubentoniidae, the aye-ayes, with a single living genus and species. Depending on whose classification is accepted, living lemurs may number up to forty different species and possibly even up to seventy two species, if subspecies are included in the count. With these numbers, and despite recent extinctions, Madagascar ranks third highest on the list of high-primate diversity countries worldwide (Sauther, 2009), despite being only one tenth of the size of the world leader, Brazil. All of these species of lemur are endemic to Madagascar. According to the ICUN Red List of Threatened Species, each of these species has different threats to their survival. Many lemurs, such as the Red-ruffed Lemur, and many types of bamboo lemurs are critically endangered. With a drastically reduced habitat there are few left in the wild. The Hairy-eared Dwarf Lemur, Golden-brown Mouse Lemur, and the Black and White Ruffed Lemurs are not as close to extinction, but are listed as endangered. Some of the lemurs listed as vulnerable include the Black Lemur, Crowned Lemur, and a number of Fork-marked Lemurs. Perhaps the most remarkable lemur species have long been extinct. These included the Archaeoindris, which was larger than an adult male gorilla, the Babakotia and the Magaladapsis. All lemurs are protected by law, and in many communities it is considered taboo to kill an Indri, but elsewhere, the Indri, and many other species of lemur, are hunted for food and sometimes sold as bush meat or pets (Carwardne, 2009). Madagascar has suffered environmental degradation over a significant part of its land mass. Once covered with rainforests, most of the Eastern third of Madagascar is now, either barren, or reduced to shrub land. As indigenous vegetation is cut and burned for fuel many areas such as the Spiny forest, which contains many rare plant and animal species endemic to the island, have given way to cactus scrub. Around eighty per cent of the original plant cover has been destroyed and much of the terrain is now degraded grassland (Oldfield, 2002). Each year, a further 1% of Madagascars forests are levelled. This mass deforestation not only affects the land and its inhabitants directly, but also indirectly. Without vegetation to absorb moisture the soil is eroding away at an alarming rate. Enviromental regulations have been in place to protect the forests and species of Madagascar since 1881 and at present, more money is put towards the conservation of Madagascar, than any other part of Africa (Butler, 2009). Madagascar is one of the worlds poorest nations, with a per capita income of approximately $240 per year. About 80 percent of the population are subsistence farmers, many of whom depend entirely on natural capital to support their way of life. The peoples dependency on the land and natural resources is of major consequence to Madagascars ecosystems and endemic biodiversity (Kremen, 2010). The major environmental problems of Madagascar include deforestation, and thus loss of habitat, agricultural fires, erosion and soil degradation and the over exploitation of resources. The deforestation of Madagascar can be mostly attributed to three activities. Tavy, or slash and burn agriculture, logging for timber, and fuel wood and charcoal production. Tavy is a large part of Malagasy culture, and has been since the arrival of humans on the island. It is used to convert tropical rainforest into rice fields. An acre or two of land may be cut or burned; it is then planted with rice. After several years production the land is then left fallow for up to six years before replanting (Kremen, 2010). After several of these cycles the land is exhausted of all its nutrients and no primary vegetation will grow. The land then becomes barren and only scrubs and a few grasses will grow. This vegetation is often insufficient to anchor the soil, especially on slopes, making erosion a problem. According to the ICUN, the high value of Malagasy hardwoods also makes logging for timber a significant problem in many areas of Madagascar, especially in the rainforests of Eastern Madagascar. Even the few areas that are protected are often illegally logged and even the endemic spiny forests of Madagascar are being cut at an alarming rate for charcoal and fuelwood production. Every year, as much as a third of what remains of Madagascars forest burn. Fires set for land clearing and pastureland often spread into adjoining forests ,causing much damage and further reducing the habitat of many species of flora and fauna. For Madagascar, a country that relies on agricultural production as the foundation of its economy, the loss of this soil, due to erosion, is a massive problem. The deforestation of Madagascars central highlands plus weathering has resulted in massive soil erosion accounting for up to 400 tons per year. Every yea,r the cost of environmental damage is approximated to between 100 and 290 billion US dollars. Deforestation represents 75% of this loss and 15% due to the erosion that effects agricultural and pastoral production (Oldfield, 2002). Due to the factors mentioned throughout, and many more, Madagascars species are among the most threatened in the world. Since the arrival of man Madagascar has lost a known 16 species of lemur, including one the size of a gorilla; a pygmy hippo, the largest land bird to ever walk the planet, and giant tortoises, a species that had survived for 200 million years. The ICUN Redlist currently includes 472 Malagasy species at risk of becoming extinct, although this number is probably massively optimistic. Today, Madagascar is arguably the worlds highest conservation priority (ICUN, 2011). Ensuring the survival of lemurs is not only important because they are endemic to Madagascar, but also because they benefit plants and other animals. Many species of lemur are very important seed dispersers for forest trees and pollinators for many of the plants that are also endemic to Madagascar. They are also an important source of food for other animals. The National Association for the Management of Protected Areas in Madagascar (ANGAP) was founded in 1990 to manage Madagascars protected areas system. ANGAPs mission is to safeguard Madagascars ecosystem, research the potential of Madagascars biodiversity, develop environmental education programs for local people, promote potential commercial applications of Madagascars biodiversity, for example ecotourism, and to support sustainable development activities in areas surrounding protected zones. One of ANGAPs goals is to enable local communities to directly benefit from the conservation of Madagascar. Half of the entrance fees to the conservation parks go directly to local communities and visitors can not enter a park without hiring a local guide. ANGAP also works closely with many other organisations and scientists to asses the impact of visitors to the parks and reserves and study the biodiversity of Madagascar. The ANGAP manages the protected areas network in Madagascar (Butler, 200 9). The network includes three types of protected area. Strict nature reserves, national parks, and wildlife reserves. In 2003, at the ICUNs world parks congress, Marc Ravalomanana, the Malagasy president, announced a bold plan to expand the amount of area under protection from approximately 1.7 million hectares to over 6 million hectares. In 2005 the first 10,000 km2 of the new protected areas system of Madagascar was granted protection status and in 2006 1 million hectares was added, both contributing to the overall goal of 10% of Madagascar being protected. This plan also involved broadening the definition of protected areas in Madagascar and legislation has since been passed to allow four new categories of protected area, natural parks, natural monuments, protected landscapes, and national resource reserves (Butler, 2009). Madagascar currently has 19 terrestrial national parks, 2 marine national parks, 5 complete natural reserves, and 21 special reserves. Reference List Baines, E (1997) University of Edinburgh Natural History Museum. Retrieved from http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?page=493.504.513. Accessed 28/4/2011 Burnie, D (2001). Animal. London: Dorling Kindersley Butler, R. (2009) Wild Madagascar. Retrieved from http://www.wildmadagascar.org/history/. Accessed 29/4/2011 Carwardine, M (2009). Last Chance to See. London: Harper Collins Green, G Sussman, R (1990). Science, New Series, Vol. 248, No. 4952, Pages 212 215 Hooper, R (2005). New Scientist Madagascar Reveals Two New Species of Lemur. Retrieved from http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7818. Accessed 14/4/2011 ICUN, 2011. ICUN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. Retrieved from http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/search. Accessed 24/4/2011 Kimball, S et al (2009). USGA Minerals Yearbook, Area Reports: International 2006, Africa and the Middle East. Washington DC, USA: United Staes Government Printing Office Kottak, C (1980). Past in the Present: History, Ecology and Cultural Variation in Highland Madagascar. Chicago, USA: University of Michigan Press Kremen, C (2010). Traditions That Threaten. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/edens/madagascar/paradise.htm. Accessed on 1/5/2011 Oldfield, S (2002). Rainforest. London: New Holland Publishers (UK) Sauther, M (2006). Lemurs: Ecology and Adaptation. New York, USA: Springer Science and Business Media

Biogram Of Nathaniel Hawthorn, How His Life Relates To Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

BIOGRAM   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The man Nathaniel Hawthorne, an author of the nineteenth century, was born in 1804, in Salem, Massachusetts. It was there that he lived a poverty-stricken childhood without the financial support of a father, because he had passed away in 1808. Hawthorne was raised strictly Puritan, his great-grandfather had even been one of the judges in the Puritan witchcraft trials during the 1600s. This and Hawthorne’s destitute upbringing advanced his understanding of human nature and distress felt by social, religious, and economic inequities. Hawthorne was a private individual who fancied solitude with family friends. He was also very devoted to his craft of writing. Hawthorne observed the decay of Puritanism with opposition; believing that is was a man’s responsibility to pursue the highest truth and possessed a strong moral sense. These aspects of Hawthorne’s philosophy are what drove him to write about and even become a part of an experiment in social reform, in a utopian colony at Brook Farm. He believed that the Puritans’ obsession with original sin and their ironhandedness undermined instead of reinforced virtue. As a technician, Hawthorne’s style in literature was abundantly allegorical, using the characters and plot to acquire a connection and to show a moral lesson. His definition of romanticism was writing to show truths, which need not relate to history or reality. Human frailty and sorrow were the romantic topics, which Hawthorne focused on most, using them to finesse his characters and setting to exalt good and illustrate the horrors of immorality. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s experiences as a man, incite as a philosopher and skill as a technician can be seen when reading The Scarlet Letter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The man, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s religious background, seclusion from society, and devotion to his craft can be related to his novel The Scarlet Letter. His religious upbringing as a Puritan is what gave him the knowledge to write about Boston’s Puritan society in his novel. Hawthorne’s great-grandfather, who one of the judges at the Puritan witchcraft trials, was like the magistrates of The Scarlet Letter that attempted to make a society that would be a â€Å"Utopia of human virtue and happiness†. A further parallel found between Hawthorne’s life and the novel is the element of seclusion found in each. Hawthorne secluded himself from society with his few family members and close friends. In the same way Hester Prynne was secluded from society in her â€Å"little, lonesome dwelling† that â€Å"stood on the shore, looking across a basin of the sea at the forest-covered hills toward the west† out of the circle of the to wn.

The Process of Opening a Halfway House :: management, planning

There are elements that should be considered in having a winning business proposal. These elements include Solutions, Benefits, Credibility & Samples and Targeted. Solution includes stating the needs and problems that could or would occur then one would give solutions that one could be implemented. Benefits would include an outlined plan as to what benefits to be gained in doing business with this particular halfway house. Credibility and Sample is having a familiarity with clients in the area or having had a previous experience that can give a third-party endorsement that will give one the credibility. Targeted entails communication, which knows the correct language that is spoken by the intended clients that the business is trying to win. If the proposed clients are from an engineering background or financial department then use the appropriate jargon. Let’s say John from the time he was 14 years of age was on drugs in and out of juvenile homes. When John turned 18 years of age he commits a crime the sends him to prison where he spend the next 20 plus years of his life. Confined by concrete walls bob wired fences and being told when he could go to bed when to get out of bed. John is told when to eat and when not eat not even having a choice to what he can he eat his only choice is to eat what before him or not at all. The purpose of a halfway house or also called a recovery house is generally to allow people to begin the process of reintegration with society, where monitoring and support will be provided. This is to reduce the risk of recidivism or relapse where in most cases ex-convicts would be released directly back into society. The halfway houses that is being purposed is meant solely for the reintegration of persons who have been recently released from prison or jail, others are meant for people with chronic mental health disorders, and others are for ex-convicts with substance abuse issues. Unlike a Sober halfway houses are many times a voluntary places for residence where most residents may have no criminal records whatsoever. There is more often opposition from neighborhoods where families are fearful of halfway houses attempted to locate in there neighborhoods. Typically work-release program we utilize a halfway house instead of a high secure institution or facility for nighttime confinement and weekend supervision.

Nurse Anesthetists Essay

In a career in nursing, one must possess a need to help people, as well as the scientific and educational knowledge to perform the duties required. As I complete the final years of my high school education, I realize that I must focus on my goals and interests in order to make intelligent college curriculum decisions. I have always been considering a career in health, but the opportunities and diversification in the health field have perplexed me. I have always thought the job of a nurse anesthetist was extremely interesting, and it would be a great way to contribute to helping the lives of others. In the United States, a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) is simply an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) who has acquired graduate-level education and board certification in anesthesia and they are the oldest nurse specialty group in the U. S. However, their job isn’t that simple. Anesthesia describes drugs and gases that help to block sensation, and they keep patients unconscious while in surgery. The main goal of the CRNA (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist), which is extremely important, is to have the patient awake free of pain. CRNAs, or Nurse Anesthetists, are responsible for administering, supervising, and monitoring anesthesia related care for those patients undergoing surgical procedures. Before the surgery, the CRNA obtains information regarding the patient’s medical history, evaluates the patient’s anesthesia needs, and develops a treatment plan with the goal of a risk-free and uncomplicated surgery. CRNA then explains the planned procedure to the patient, and answers any question that they may have. However, there are big steps that you have to take to become a CRNA. According to the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA), here is what you need to do to become a nurse anesthetist. All would-be nurse anesthetists must have an active registered nurse (RN) license, which requires a minimum of two years of study. Applicants to nurse anesthetist programs should have at least one year of work experience as an RN working in acute care, such as an intensive care unit. Once admitted to the Anesthesia program, the registered nurse must complete twenty-four to thirty-six months of classroom and clinical experience. A bachelor’s degree is the minimum required educational credential for certification as a nurse anesthetist. Many training programs are structured as master’s degree programs, which always require a bachelor’s degree. Accredited Training Programs is the most important requirement to become a nurse anesthetist. Different programs have different specific requirements for application. Upon completion of the training program, prospective nurse anesthetists need to pass the certification examination offered by the Counsel on Certification of Nurse Anesthetists, and then maintain certification by regularly taking continuing educational units. Nurse anesthetists must obtain the appropriate licenses to practice in their state by contacting the state board of nursing for more information.