Innovators in the development of this technology Essay

Biochips ar soon expected to revolutionize clinical diagnostics, massively parallel deoxyribonucleic acid analysis, and other laboratory procedures involving molecular biology. In recent years, high-density DNA little represents or biochips have revolutionized biomedical research and greatly accelerated mug validation and medicates discovery efforts. The utility of micro array engineering is that it permits highly parallel gene expression profiling provide snapshots of the transcriptome in both(prenominal) healthy and diseased states.Biochips can be used to identify and rate drug targets, based on their ability to confirm a massive number of gene expression measurements in parallel. Biochips have been utilized to take aim in vitro pharmacology and toxicology issues, and argon being widely applied to meliorate the processes of disease diagnosis, pharmacogenomics and toxicogenomics. The biochips widely in use today, however, owe their existence to inception in miniaturizati on in both the private and academic sectors.Innovators in the development of this technology include Hyseq, Oxford Gene Technologies and Stanford University. The biologic nature of biochips likewise raises the possibility of some exciting medical applications they could be implanted in the body of interface with the living system. Some possibilities include Brain implants to baffle damage that has caused blindess and deafness. Cardiac implants to regulate heart beat, Blood implants to regulate drug discovery (e. g. insulin for diabetics) and implants to control artificial limbsThe fabrication of complex three dimensional biochips with the fabrication technology now used in the electronics industry is belike impossible. An essential feature of the use of a protein matrix is that the proteins directly their avouch assembly and the appropriate positioning of the semiconductor molecules. These are numerous examples of self-importance assembling protein structures, including virus particles and these are being studied intensely for potence applications to biochip technology. Biochips willing not be possible without computer designed proteins and rDNA technology. to that extent it will probably be several years before rDNA technology will be able to contribute substantially to biochips research, because it is first prerequisite to understand more about the relationship between protein structure and function, the biological self-assembly processes, and the mechanisms by which molecules could do logic functions and store memory. Future The boundaries of technology will be continually challenged as this technology progresses, and novel applications are devised. In addition to the evolving technical approaches of DNA micro array systems, new applications for microarrays are being developed.Recent progress in combining the use of chromatin granule (ChIP) arrays with DNA microarrays has allowed genomewide analysis of transcription factor localization to specific regulative sequences in living cells. Biotechnology is usually among just about technologies in that it spans an array of scientific disciplines. Individuals seeking to be well versed in applications of ergonomics must have inter-disciplines training. Bioprocess engineers, for example need some knowledge of biochemistry and microbiology as well as knowledge of engineering design so that the most efficient combination of micro-organism and bioreactor can be determined.Many industrial sectors are applying biochip technology. The sectors include are pharmaceuticals, agriculture, specialty chemical and food additives, environmental applications, good chemicals and energy and bioelectronics. References Commercial biotechnology An International Analysis, 1985, Office of Technology Assessment, linked States Congress. Office of Technology Assessment, United States, Congress Biochips Technology and Applications, 2003, Wan-Li Xing, Jing Cheng